Immunisation Flashcards
State the 2 main methods of active immunity
Natural infection
Artificial immunisation
State the 2 main methods of passive immunity
Transplacental transfer
Artificial human antibody
What is the purpose of a vaccine?
Induce cell-mediated immunity by administrating whole or part of an organism
What is meant by herd immunity?
Indirect protection of a population provided by immunisation of a %, causing slow/prevention of the spread of infection
What is meant by live attenuated vaccine? Give an example
Weakened live form of organism is administered to produce natural response
e.g. MMR, VZ, rotavirus, flu
What is meant by inactivated vaccine? Give an example
Dead organism is administered
e.g. pertussis, typhoid, whooping cough
Give an example of a vaccine containing component of organism
Influenza
Pneumococcal
Diphtheria
Tetanus
List the main contraindications to vaccines
Acute illness Severe/anaphylaxis to previous dose Fever greater than 39.5 within 48hrs Immunocompromised children Pregnancy
Which vaccines contain egg components that people with egg allergy should avoid?
Yellow fever
Flu
Which serogroup of meningococcal disease is the most serious?
Serogroup B
Which vaccine is thought to give 70% protection against tuberculosis?
BCG vaccine
List travel-related vaccines
Cholera Yellow fever Rabies Hepatitis Typhoid
List symptoms of diphtheria. What is the infecting organism? Which vaccine prevents against it?
URTI - sore throat, low grad fever, white membrane in throat
Aerobic G+ corynebacterium
5 in 1
List components of the ‘5 in 1’ vaccine
HiB Diphtheria Tetanus Pertussis Polio
List symptoms of meningitis. What is the infecting organism?
Fever Nausea, vomiting Headache Stiff neck/ back Dull bright lights
Neisseria meingitis
Which diagnostic test looks for presence of the meningococcal vaccine in children?
MenB titre
Which tests are used in the diagnosis of meningitis?
Glass test
Lumbar puncture
PCR
List vaccines given at 2 months in a child
Dtab/HiB/IPV/HBV, menB, rotavirus, PCV
List vaccines given at 3 months in a child
Dtab/HiB/IPV/HBV, rotavirus
List vaccines given at 4 months in a child
Dtab/HiB/IPV/HBV, menB, PCV
List vaccines given at 12-13 months in a child
menB, PCV, menC, HiB, MMR
List vaccines given at 3 years 4 months in a child
MMR, Dtab, IPV, flu
Which vaccine is given annually between 2-12 years in a child?
Flu
List vaccines given between 12-18 years in a child
Td, IPV
List vaccines given between 13-14 years in a child
MenACWY
When do girls receive the HPV vaccine?
Between 12-13 years of age
List vaccines given to adults over 65 years
Flu, PPV, zoster
