Growth Charts and Physiology Flashcards
Height measurement is recorded to the nearest complete centimetre with one decimal place. True/False?
False
Nearest complete millimetre to one decimal place
Shoes must be removed for height measurement. True/False?
True
Is height measurement taken on inspiration or expiration?
Expiration
What do birth centile charts show?
Child’s size compared with children of the same age and sex
What measurement is the best indicator of thinness/fatness in children over 2 years old?
BMI
List signs from the patient history of puberty in girls
Any of:
Breast enlargement
Pubic/axillary hair
List signs from the patient history of puberty in boys
Any of:
Deepening voice
Pubic/axillary hair
Enlarged testes/penis
List signs from the patient history of post-puberty in girls
All of:
Start of periods
Pubertal development
List signs from the patient history of post-puberty in boys
Any of:
Fully-broken voice
Facial hair
Adult-sized penis
After what age will children usually be in pre-puberty?
8 years old
When is puberty classed as delayed?
When no signs of puberty by age 13 in girls or 14 in boys
At what age is puberty usually completing?
16 in girls
17 in boys
The more obese you are, the faster you grow. True/False?
True, generally
How far are centile lines apart?
2/3 of a standard deviation
What is the criteria for a value being on a centile?
Exactly on/ within a 1/4 of space
What is puberty?
Secretion of gonadotrophins from hypothalamus, pituitary and gonads
What is the average age of onset of puberty?
11 in girls
11.5 in boys
Define thelarche, adrenarche and menarche
Thelarche: breast budding
Adrenarche: body hair, odour
Menarche: periods begin
How long is there roughly between thelarche and menarche?
2 years
What scale is used to stage puberty?
Tanner scale (I: prepuberty, V: adult)
Define true central precocious puberty
Early puberty
8 years old for girls
9 years old for boys
What is adult height predictor on a growth chart used for?
Estimate adult height given childs current height using table
What is mid-parental centile on a growth chart used for?
Join up parents heights, using table, and get average adult height expected for all children of these parents
What is ‘short stature’ defined as?
Child is below the 2nd centile for height or greater than 2 standard deviations below the mid-parental height
List the two main physiological causes of short stature
Genetic (FHx) Constitutional delay (delay in pubertal growth meaning growth spurt occurs later than average)
List the main pathological causes of short stature
Dysmorphic disease - fetal alcohol, turners, skeletal dysplasia
Chronic disease - Crohns, CF
Psychosocial deprivation
GI disease - coeliac
Endocrine - reduced GH, thyroid, cortisol excess
