Immunisation

Question 1

State the 2 main methods of active immunity

Answer 1

Natural infection

Artificial immunisation

Question 2

State the 2 main methods of passive immunity

Answer 2

Transplacental transfer

Artificial human antibody

Question 3

What is the purpose of a vaccine?

Answer 3

Induce cell-mediated immunity by administrating whole or part of an organism

Question 4

What is meant by herd immunity?

Answer 4

Indirect protection of a population provided by immunisation of a %, causing slow/prevention of the spread of infection

Question 5

What is meant by live attenuated vaccine? Give an example

Answer 5

Weakened live form of organism is administered to produce natural response
e.g. MMR, VZ, rotavirus, flu

Question 6

What is meant by inactivated vaccine? Give an example

Answer 6

Dead organism is administered

e.g. pertussis, typhoid, whooping cough

Question 7

Give an example of a vaccine containing component of organism

Answer 7

Influenza
Pneumococcal
Diphtheria
Tetanus

Question 8

List the main contraindications to vaccines

Answer 8

Acute illness
Severe/anaphylaxis to previous dose
Fever greater than 39.5 within 48hrs
Immunocompromised children
Pregnancy

Question 9

Which vaccines contain egg components that people with egg allergy should avoid?

Answer 9

Yellow fever

Flu

Question 10

Which serogroup of meningococcal disease is the most serious?

Answer 10

Serogroup B

Question 11

Which vaccine is thought to give 70% protection against tuberculosis?

Answer 11

BCG vaccine

Question 12

List travel-related vaccines

Answer 12

Cholera
Yellow fever
Rabies
Hepatitis
Typhoid

Question 13

List symptoms of diphtheria. What is the infecting organism? Which vaccine prevents against it?

Answer 13

URTI - sore throat, low grad fever, white membrane in throat
Aerobic G+ corynebacterium
5 in 1

Question 14

List components of the ‘5 in 1’ vaccine

Answer 14

HiB
Diphtheria
Tetanus
Pertussis
Polio

Question 15

List symptoms of meningitis. What is the infecting organism?

Answer 15

Fever
Nausea, vomiting
Headache
Stiff neck/ back
Dull bright lights

Neisseria meingitis

Question 16

Which diagnostic test looks for presence of the meningococcal vaccine in children?

Answer 16

MenB titre

Question 17

Which tests are used in the diagnosis of meningitis?

Answer 17

Glass test
Lumbar puncture
PCR

Question 18

List vaccines given at 2 months in a child

Answer 18

Dtab/HiB/IPV/HBV, menB, rotavirus, PCV

Question 19

List vaccines given at 3 months in a child

Answer 19

Dtab/HiB/IPV/HBV, rotavirus

Question 20

List vaccines given at 4 months in a child

Answer 20

Dtab/HiB/IPV/HBV, menB, PCV

Question 21

List vaccines given at 12-13 months in a child

Answer 21

menB, PCV, menC, HiB, MMR

Question 22

List vaccines given at 3 years 4 months in a child

Answer 22

MMR, Dtab, IPV, flu

Question 23

Which vaccine is given annually between 2-12 years in a child?

Answer 23

Flu

Question 24

List vaccines given between 12-18 years in a child

Answer 24

Td, IPV

Question 25

List vaccines given between 13-14 years in a child

Answer 25

MenACWY

Question 26

When do girls receive the HPV vaccine?

Answer 26

Between 12-13 years of age

Question 27

List vaccines given to adults over 65 years

Answer 27

Flu, PPV, zoster