Developmental Delay

Question 1

Define developmental delay

Answer 1

Failure to attain developmental milestones for a child’s corrected chronological age

Question 2

What are the main patterns of abnormal development?

Answer 2

Global delay
Specific delay in 1 or 2 areas
Deviation from normal
Regression

Question 3

People with mild learning disability have an IQ of what?

Answer 3

IQ below 70

Question 4

People with severe learning disability have an IQ of what?

Answer 4

IQ below 50

Question 5

List red flags for development

Answer 5

Asymmetry of movement
Not reaching for objects by 6mths
Unable to sit unsupported by 12mths
Unable to walk by 18mths
No speech by 18mths
Loss of skills
No social smile by 8 weeks

Question 6

If a child is unable to walk by 18 months, what test should be done?

Answer 6

Measure CK levels

Question 7

Global developmental delay causes significant delay in 2+ of what?

Answer 7

Gross/fine motor skill
Speech/language
Cognition
Social/personal skill

Question 8

Global developmental delay applies to children under 5. What term is given for school age?

Answer 8

Learning disability

Question 9

Give examples of diseases where motor delay occurs

Answer 9

Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Cerebral palsy
Coordination disorders

Question 10

Gives examples of disease where sensory deficits and delays occur

Answer 10

Oculocutaneous albinism

Treacher-Collins syndrome

Question 11

What is the main developmental deviation disease?

Answer 11

Autism spectrum disorders

Question 12

What are the classical features of autism? (autistic triad)

Answer 12

Altered communication, social interaction and flexibility of thought/imagination

Question 13

What are the 4 main aspects of development?

Answer 13

Gross motor
Fine motor
Language/speech
Social skills

Question 14

What is a fairly characteristic sign/manoeuvre seen in Duchenne muscular dystrophy?

Answer 14

Gower’s manoeuvre (bending over, hands on knees) due to weak pelvic girdle muscles

Question 15

In hemiplegic cerebral palsy, only one side of the body is affected. True/False?

Answer 15

True

Question 16

If only the legs are affected in cerebral palsy, what kind of plegia is it?

Answer 16

Paraplegic cerebral palsy

Question 17

If both arms and legs are affected in cerebral palsy, it is termed diplegic cerebral palsy. True/False?

Answer 17

False
Diplegia = legs + slight involvement elsewhere
Quadriplegia = legs + arms

Question 18

List some investigations for developmental delay

Answer 18

Creatinine kinase
Genetics: array-CGH, chromosomes, fragile X
Neonatal PKU
Thyroid function
Imaging if indicated

Question 19

List methods of intervention in developmental delay

Answer 19

Therapy (physio, OT, SLT)
Family support
Educational placement
Referral to community paeds department

Question 20

What is an ‘ACE’?

Answer 20

Adverse childhood experiences occurring during childhood that directly harm a child or effect environment in which they live

Question 21

What investigation is diagnostic of NAI in children?

Answer 21

Skeletal survey in all less than or equal to 2yo

Question 22

When does CMV infection present n a child?

Answer 22

2 years

Question 23

What is otosclerosis?

Answer 23

Abnormal growth of bone near ear leading to conductive hearing loss and delayed hearing

Question 24

When is a child usually referred to SALT with delyaed speech?

Answer 24

27 months

Question 25

List common causes of delayed speech

Answer 25

OME
ADHD
Autism
Verbal dyspraxia
Auditory processing disorder
Global developmental delay

Question 26

How is profound hearing loss treated in a child?

Answer 26

Cochlear implantation

Question 27

At what age does a child usually hear sound?

Answer 27

18 weeks

Question 28

At what age does a child usually respond to sound/ voice?

Answer 28

26 weeks