Immune System I & II Flashcards
Innate defenses
Barriers, phagocytes, natural killer cells, inflammatory response, and fever
Attack cancerous cells and cells infected with viruses
NK cells
Defensive molecule side of specificity
antibody
Tag on target molecule
antigen
A set of similar antibodies
Immunoglobulin class
Two regions of an antibody molecule:
Variable region and the constant region
The _____ region of an antibody molecule is different in each antibody
variable
The ______ region of an antibody molecule is the same in each Ig class
constant
The ______ is the part of the antigenic molecule that binds the antibody
epitope
Different types of antibodies are generated by the editing of genes during the development of _____ cells
B cells
Glycoproteins located at the surface of T cells
T cell receptors
B lymphocytes (B cells) mature in the…..
Bone marrow
T lymphocytes (T cells) mature in the……
thymus
T cell receptors bind to….
antigens
Adaptive defence cells derived from stem cells in the bone marrow
lymphocytes
Have antibodies on their surface that serve as antigen receptors that have a specificity for a given antigen
B cells
How are B cells activated?
By antigen binding or interaction with a helper T cell
Clonal selection
Two B cell clones result from the activation of a single B cell with a single antigenic specificty
Plasma B cells function
Producing antibodies that match target antigens
Memory B cells function
Prolonged lifespan to remember a given antigen
Helper T cells function
provide link between macrophages, humoural immunity, and cell-mediated immunity; activated helper T cells in turn activate B cells and cytotoxic T cells
Cytotoxic T cells function
Poke holes in the plasma membrane of target cells; also have a line of memory T cells
Basis for acquired immunity
somatic hypermutation
Passive immunity
Antibodies supplied directly from the outside
Polyclonal antibodies
Antibodies with different epitopic specificities and bind to different epitopes of the same antigen
Monoclonal antibodies
Antibodies that all have the same epitopic specificity and bind to one epitope only
A and B antigens on RBCs are made up of?
Oligosaccharide chains attached to glycolipids and glycoproteins
Type A blood contains
A antigen and anti-B antibodies
Type B blood contains
B antigen and anti-A antibodies
Type AB blood contains
A and B antigens, and produces no anti-A or anti-B antibodies
Type O blood contains
no antigens, and produces anti-A and anti-B antigens
Consequences of transfusion of incompatable blood
Agglutination
