Immune System Disorders and HIV

Question 1

Autoimmune Disease

Answer 1

• caused by body’s autoimmune response
  1. myasthenia gravis (MG)
  2. rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
  3. insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)
  4. multiple-sclerosis (MS)
  5. lupus (SLE)

Question 2

immunodeficiency

Answer 2

• HIV causes AIDS which is a disease that suppress the body’s natural immune system
• medications can cause immune suppresses to protect against autoimmune disease and cancer and prevent organ rejection

Question 3

HIV

Answer 3

• suppress immune system in blood, semen, and vaginal secretions
• greatest risk: uncontrolled sexual activity and intravenous drug abuse
• can be passed from mother to fetus or blood products
• can be infected for years before developing into AIDS, they can unknowingly transmit virus to others

Question 4

AIDS

Answer 4

fatal disease and impossible to cure but there are treatments to help prevent virus from developing into AIDS, they may not sure AIDS, but help patients live longer

Question 5

HIV early stage

Answer 5

• mild symptoms, like fever, diarrhea, sore throat, and muscle acnes
• able to defend quite good

Question 6

HIV Mid-Stage

Answer 6

-persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (enlarged lymph nodes, skin rashes, chronic fatigue and weight loss

Question 7

HIV FInal-AIDS

Answer 7

• AIDS strikes rendering the immune system powerless

- becomes subject to infection like Kaposis sarcoma (KS)

Question 8

How HIV Attacks

Answer 8

1. Hive enters into host blood a and attacks specific type of T-cell called CD4 cells
2. bind to chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) on the CD4 cells surface
3. fuses with CD4 surface to inject its ribonucleic acid (RNA) into the cell along w/ other viral proteins necessary for virus to replicate
4. once inside viral RNA converts into DNA w/ help of enzyme called reverse transcriptase
5. then viral DNA crosses cell nucleus and engulfs itself into the host DNA w/ help of enzyme called intergrase
6. once viral DNA is incorporated into host DNA its starts replicating new viral RNA
7. New viral DNA makes its own protein and immature HIV develops enzyme called protease helps in maturation process of immune virus
8. once it takes over host cell it starts replicating to make enough HIV to cause infection and symptoms

Question 9

Organ Rejection (Hyperactive, Acute, and Chronic)

Answer 9

Hyperactive: occurs within minutes of implanting new organ; could be caused by mismatched blood type or other markers (usually requires removal)

Acute: occurs within two or three weeks and T-Cells response to specific markers on donor organ

Chronic: occurs within 3 or more months of transplant an dis B-cells response that produces antibodies against donor organ

Question 10

Immunosuppression

Answer 10

• decreased or total lack of immune response in the body
• can be caused by certain disease like cancer and HIV or induced during organ transplant and then continued maintain to prevent chronic rejection

-Induction Immunosuppressive Therapy (developing functional lympocyte) & Maintenance Immunosuppressive Therapy (developing production of T cells and B cells)