immune system Flashcards
tell stats of food iron outbreaks
food born disease: 600 million diseases 400 000 deaths Noroviris - 48% Bacteria - 46% toxins 6% parasites 1 %
what can immune system do
clean up old cells( debric) and destroys cancer cells by changing the cellular properties> mutation
at low hygiene and high pathogens which 3 types of cells are stimulated
3 dendritic cells: DC DC reg and DC2
what is DC reg control ( no immunopathology )
control immune system,
regulates T helper cells , prevent from over reaction
what happens if no DC reg present ( high hygiene and low pathogen)
IS can over react causing autoimmunity and allergy
what is hygiene hypothesis
if immune system is not stimulated during childhood , there is larger chance of autoimmune disease
what are components of immune system
cells - macrophages, lymphocytes
tissues- bone marrow synthesis
protein - cytokines , interferons , antibodies
other chemicals - histamine, postglandis
what is the difference between innate and adaptive IS
innate- non specific and immediate
adaptive- specific and takes few days
what are the roles of skin and mucus as surface barrier
- acid secretion - inactivates microbes
- lysosome and other enzymes break down microbes, destroying cell wall
- sticky mucous traps
- hair and cilia physical trap
what is the role of lysozyme
breaks down 1 4 bond between sugars in bacteria cell wall
acts as extracellular enzyme
tell about cellular defence
different leukocytes ( wbc): phagocytes and natural killer cells
describe neutrophils
granulated , most abundant leukocyte
release cytokines,involved in inflammation
travel in blood
involved in phogosytosis of bacteria, fungi
monocytes
non granulated
can differentiate into macrophage and dendritic cells
travel far
which phagocyte release histamine
basophils- granulated
which phagocyte effective towards parasitic warms
eosinophils - granulated
where leukocytes can be stores
lymph nodes nad spleen
what does granulated mean
have visciles full of degradative enzymes and inflammatory signals
tell the process of phagocytosis
- phagocyte is present around pathogen
- phagocyte forms a pseudopods that engulfs particle forming phagosome
- lysosome fuses with phygosatotic vesicle forming PHYGOLYSOSOME
- lysosome enzymes digest particle leaving residual body
- exocytosis of vesicle removes indigestible material
what is macrophages
very active phagocyte towards bacteria and virus
fixed in Kupffer cells in liver
comes from monocyte diffrentiation
what is dendritic cell
come from monocyte differentiation
display debris on their surface to signal adaptive IS to stimulate response
Antigen presentation response, interacts with helper T cell
what are natural killer cells
in blood and lymph
release perforins
release grynzyme > cell death
acts on ell that looks foreign ( cancer or virus)
list anti microbial proteins
interferons - secreted by virus infected cells
complement proteins- increase inflammation, makes holes in bacteria mem ( MAC)
C reactive protein - marker for inflammatory, binds to pathogen,ativates the complimentary system
what is inflammatory caused by
histamine aa
kinins p
postglandis l
cytokines p
which vitamins are invlved in cell division of immunity cells
folate and B12
