Immune System Flashcards
What is the role of the immune system in body homeostasis
To protect the internal environment
/
Surrevalliance
Detection
Destruction
What is the role of the lymphatic circulation?
To move the lymph nodes around
How do bacteria and other pathogens enter the lymph?
They enter through the lymph nodes
What is an Antigen? What is it made of and where is it found in the body cells? What is the significance?
Antigen is a specific protein on a cell, it is a signal that the cell is infected
Location and role a- Lymph Nodes b- Tonsils c- Spleen d-bone marrow e-thymus
Lymph nodes- remove pathogens and are though out the body
Tonsils- guard against oral intake of pathogens
Spleen- recognizes and destroys pathogens in the blood
Bone marrow- where white blood cells develop
Thymus- where T lymphocytes mature and develope
Non-specific immunities include barriers formed by the epithelial cells, in addition to skin what other barriers are there?
Sweat, stomach acid, mucus, epith cells are packed very tightly together
What are macrophages? Where do you find them and what kinds of functions do they perform?
They track down engulf and destroy pathogens
What secretions are antibacterial and how do they kill bacteria?
Silvia, tears, stomach acid
What are some mechanical means by which the body rids itself of pathogens
Sneezing, coughing, pee/poo
How do you distinguish between natural killer cells and killer T cells?
Natural killer cells- produce rapid responses
Killer T cells- have to be activated by lymphokines
Name two roles of the helper T Cells
Cell Mediated response
Antibody mediated response
How do killer T cells know what cells are infected cells, how do they kill the infected cell?
The cell displays properties of the infection, it destroys the infected cell
Which type of specific immunity actually destroys the pathogens?
Cell mediated immunity
What are antibodies? For what cell types are antibodies made and secreted what is the function
Antibodies are are by B-lymphocytes, they help stick pathogens together
How does the immune system recognize and kill cancer cells
It recognizes the tumor as foreign
What is a vaccine and how does it produce a specific immunity?
They are small amounts of a disease that lets your body create memory B cells
One risk of vaccination?
You could get the full version of the disease
What is an antibiotic and what proteins can be killed by it? What is the action of an antibiotic on a pathogen
Bacteria
What defenses did the Vibrio Cholerae avoid if it was able to make it to the small intestine
Macrophages
What is the action of the cholera toxin and how does it cause severe diarrhea?
It opens the chloride channel and caused a chain reaction where water follows the NaCl out
How was the first cholera virus spread into Haiti, how did the first victim become infected
A camp of peace keeping troops from Nepal brought it with them the first outbreak started down river from them
How does the body compensate for cholera
The body will lose to much water and it will take some form other places like blood and urine
What changes in Haiti could reduce the threat of another outbreak
Water treatment plants, proper sewage and hygiene
If someone with cystic fibrosis got cholera how would it affect them?
They would probably cancel each other out and nothing to bad would happen
