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Med Con Test 3 > Immune System > Flashcards

Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the immune system?

A

distinguish self/non-self; protect against foreign substances; provide non-specific/specific (acquired) immunity

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2
Q

What produces B Cells?

A

bone marrow

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3
Q

What produces T cells?

A

the thymus

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4
Q

What purpose do lymph nodes serve?

A

to trap and process antigens

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5
Q

What purpose does the spleen have?

A

to filter antigens from the blood and provide systemic protection

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6
Q

What does the liver do for the body?

A

reduce level of toxins that may impair GI lining; filters blood of GI system

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7
Q

What is the purpose of the mucosa?

A

to provide lymphocyte responses to nearby tissue

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8
Q

Where is mucosa tissue found?

A

lines the respiratory, digestive, and urogenital tracts

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9
Q

What are the lines of defense?

A

1st: external barriers preventing penetration
2nd: inflammatory response and phagocytosis
3rd: acquired immune response

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10
Q

What is included in non-specific forms of defense?

A

skin; mucous membranes; chemical balance; fever; phagocytic cells; natural killer cells

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11
Q

What cell types are classified as phagocytic cells?

A

neutrophils; monocytes; eosinophils; basophils; lymphocytes

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12
Q

What is included in specific lines of defense?

A

T/B Cells (lymphocytes)

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13
Q

Do lymphocytes (T/B cells) have memory capability?

A

yes

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14
Q

What is an antigen? Another name?

A

a substance that stimulates the immune system (bacteria, viruses); immunogens

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15
Q

What purpose to Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) provide?

A

communication about presence of antigens

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16
Q

What are antibodies? another name? how do they work?

A

immunoglobulins/proteins that recognize antigens; take up antigen bonding sites

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17
Q

What are the various types of leukocytes?

A

ganulocytes (B,E,N); monocytes (macrophages); lymphocytes

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18
Q

What leukocyte types are part of the innate immunity?

A

ganulocytes and monocytes

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19
Q

What do lymphocytes do?

A

provide humoral and cell-mediated immunity

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20
Q

What lymphocyte type performs the action of phagocytosis?

A

monocytes (macrophages); neutrophils

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21
Q

How do neutrophils carry out their immune response?

A

squeeze through capillary wall to kill invaders then engulf via phagocytosis

22
Q

What cell is considered to be the primary responder

A

neutrophil

23
Q

What disease do natural killer cells have potential to fight?

A

cancer

24
Q

What role do cytokines hold?

A

modulate the reaction of the host to an antigen

25
Q

What cells are included as cytokines?

A

Interleukins (IL); interferons; Tumor Necrosis Factors (TNF); Colony-stimulating factors (CSF)

26
Q

How do interferons protect the body?

A

prevent neighboring cells from invasion and inhibit tumor growth

27
Q

Humoral vs. Cell mediated immunity (cell type)?

A

B cells are humoral and T cells are cell-mediated

28
Q

How do we get an acquired immunity?

A

after invasion by a cell our body learns how to fight it for future

29
Q

Active vs. Passive Acquired Immunity

A

Active: contact with antigen or product derived from antigen
Passive: contact with antibodies from actively-immunized person or via inoculation

30
Q

How do B/T cells attack antiges?

A

B cells bind and secrete antibodies while T cells attack directly

31
Q

What are B lymphocytes?

A

a cell process in liver during fetal life that activate B cells to incapacitate the antigen

32
Q

Primary vs. Secondary Immune Response?

A

P: prduction of specific antibodies
S: increased activation with increased exposure of memory cell to antigen

33
Q

How do T Lymphocytes work?

A

distribute selves to lymphoid tissue after birth then recognize and destroy pathogens

34
Q

What cell type are our primary active responders?

A

T8 Cells (are cytotoxic)

35
Q

If somone loses function of their T type cells what can they develop?

A

an autoimmune disorder

36
Q

What pathways link the brain and the immune system?

A

ANS and neuroendocrine outflow

37
Q

What are side effects to the activation of neurocytokines?

A

behavior changes; anorexia; drowsiness; sleep disruption; coma; dementia

38
Q

In what way does the SNS influence the immune response?

A

SNS innervates thymus, bone marrow, spleen, and lymph nodes

39
Q

What is apoptosis?

A

regulated cell death (enhanced through exercise)

40
Q

What does aging to to apoptosis and infection response?

A

apoptosis ability is decreased and out ability to fight off infection is slower

41
Q

moderate vs strenuous exercise effects of the immune system?

A

moderate enhances the immune system and strenuous exercise decreases response

42
Q

What is a primary immunodeficiency?

A

defective T/B cells, or lymphoid tissue; and congenital conditions

43
Q

What is a secondary immunodeficiency?

A

an underlying disease leading to an impaired immune system

44
Q

What is iatrogenic immunodeficiency?

A

decreased immune system due to drug or physical agents

45
Q

What cells does the AIDS disorder attack?

A

T (destroys) and B (changes) cells

46
Q

How does AIDS work?

A

essentially prevents immune system from being turned on by T4

47
Q

Does AIDS kill us?

A

not directly…makes us susceptible to everything else

48
Q

What is a kaposi sarcoma?

A

purple skin lesion associated with homo-AIDS (found on skin, in GI tract and other organs)

49
Q

What is wasting syndrome?

A

involuntary weight loss of 10% + chronic diarrhea or weakness

50
Q

What is lipodystrophy?

A

an adipose tissue disorder that causes selective loss of fat

51
Q

What can a PT do for an AIDS patient?

A

education; energy conservation technique; respiratory management; skin care; mobility and safety

Med Con Test 3 (4 decks)

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