Autoimmune Pathologies

Question 1

What effects do IL-1, IL-6, and TNR have on the inflammatory reponse?

Answer 1

the can either increase/decrease the inflammatory response

Question 2

What does antigenic stimulation result in?

Answer 2

formation of antibodies (activating T-cells)

Question 3

What happens if suppressor T-cells aren’t working.

Answer 3

we won’t be able to turn off the immune system

Question 4

How is an inflammatory response different in autoimmune disorders.

Answer 4

it can become chronic potentially causing tissue damage

Question 5

What are systemic disorders?

Answer 5

disorders affecting the body as a whole

Question 6

what is Addison’s disease?

Answer 6

a hormone deficiency caused by damage to the outer layer of the adrenal gland

Question 7

What is Crohn’s disease?

Answer 7

chronic inflammation of digestive tract (lower intestine and colon)

Question 8

What is chronic active hepatitis?

Answer 8

liver inflammation

Question 9

What is Graves’ disease?

Answer 9

a condition caused by excessive production of thyroid hormone and enlarged thyroid gland

Question 10

What is Giant Cell Arteritis?

Answer 10

inflammation of arteries (most common in head)

Question 11

What is amyloidosis?

Answer 11

a systemic autoimmune disease causing buildup of amyloid protein

Question 12

What disease are included in mixed connective tissue disease?

Answer 12

systemic lupus, erythematosus, scleroderma, polymyositis

Question 13

What is MS?

Answer 13

a degenerative brain disease of CNS that progresses through myelin destruction in brain and spinal cord

Question 14

What is polymyalgia rheumatica?

Answer 14

a muscle and joint disorder characterized by pain, stiffness of shoulders, arms, neck, and butt

Question 15

What is Reiter’s Syndrome?

Answer 15

a systemic disease consisting of arthritis, urethritis, conjunctivitis, and lesions of skin/mucous membrane

Question 16

What is sarcoidosis?

Answer 16

inflammation of lymph nodes and other organs

Question 17

What is Sjogren’s syndrome?

Answer 17

a chronic systemic disease of connective tissue, dry eyes, dry mouth, and arthritis

Question 18

What is Gout?

Answer 18

a chronic arthritis of peripheral joints

Question 19

What causes Gout?

Answer 19

hyperuricemic body fluid causing deposits in joints

Question 20

Arthritis vs. Psoriatic Arthritis?

Answer 20

inflammation of joint

rheumatoid like arthritis associated with psoriasis of skin or nails

Question 21

What arthritis type affects synovial membranes and articular cartilage throughout the body?

Answer 21

rheumatoid arthritis

Question 22

What arthritis type is chronic and causes joint or connective tissue damage and visceral lesions?

Answer 22

juvenile rheumatoid arthritis

Question 23

What imaging type is good for looking at cartilage in juvenile RA?

Answer 23

MRI

Question 24

What characterizes Ankylosing Spondylitis?

Answer 24

inflammation of axial skeleton and large peripheral jts.

Question 25

What are the initial symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis?

Answer 25

low back pain, buttock/hip pain, decreased chest excursion and spinal mobility

Question 26

What spine abnormality is common in ankylosing spondylitis

Answer 26

bamboo spine (fusion of vertebrae)

Question 27

How is ankylosing spondylitis treated?

Answer 27

medications (NSAIDS)

Question 28

What characterizes scleroderma?

Answer 28

fibrosis, degenerative changes, vascular abnormalities of skin, articular surfaces, and organs

Question 29

What are the early signs of scleroderma?

Answer 29

swollen fingers, thick skin, spreading of thick skin

Question 30

What is sclerodactyly?

Answer 30

tendon contractures causes by over-production of collagen leaving fingers curled and swollen

Question 31

What is the pathogenesis of scleroderma?

Answer 31

increased deposit of collagen; fibrosis; vasculopathy

Question 32

What are the 3 stages of scleroderma?

Answer 32

Edematous stage: bilateral non-pitting edema in hands
Sclerotic stage: skin becomes taut, waxy, smooth
Atrophic stage: atrophies of skin causing contractures and ulceration

Question 33

What is CREST Syndrome?

Answer 33

Calcinosis
Raynauds
Esophagealdysmobility
Sclerodactyly
Telangiectasia

Question 34

What is raynauds’s phenomenon?

Answer 34

abnormal vasoconstriction/dilation causing skin to become pale and cool

Question 35

What can a PT do for a Scleroderma patient?

Answer 35

skin care, infection prevention, wound care, avoid excessive bathing
ROM, strengthening, aquatic therapy, contracture prevention

Question 36

What is Systemic Lupus Erythematosus?

Answer 36

chronic inflammatory disorder of connective tissue (common in young women, children)

Question 37

What is the pathogenesis of SLE?

Answer 37

body produce anti-bodies against various tissues

Question 38

What are the clinical manifestations of SLE?

Answer 38

discoid lesions (raised, red, scaling, plaques)(normally on face, neck chest)

Question 39

What are the cardiopulmonary clinical manifestations of SLE?

Answer 39

Myocarditis, endocarditis, tachycardia, pneumonitis, HTN, Thrombosis

Question 40

what are the overall systemic manifestations of SLE?

Answer 40

fever, weight gain, malaise, fatigue

Question 41

What can a PT do for a patient with SLE

Answer 41

regular exercise, stress management, education, watch for renal involvement, infection, necrosis

Question 42

What is fibromyalgia?

Answer 42

chronic muscle pain syndrome (lower sensory input required for a noxious response)

Question 43

What can a PT provide to a patient with FMS?

Answer 43

general conditioning, monitor for overuse and post-exertional muscle pain