Immune System Flashcards
Type I hypersensitivity
IgE mediated
- asthma
- anaphylaxis
Type II hypersensitivity
Cell membrane bound antigens
- hemolytic disease of newborn
- myasthenia gravis
Type III hypersensitivity
Deposition of Immune complex-mediated tissue injury
Type IV hypersensitivity
“No antibodies”- T-cell mediated
Delayed hypersensitivity
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
Double stranded DNA antibodies
- almost all organs of body
- type III = immune complexes
- generic antinuclear antibody test for screening
- anti-double stranded DNA test for diagnosis
- Antihistone test to see if it is drug induced SLE
- Malar skin rash with photosensitivity
- oral ulcers that resemble lichen plans
- NON-EROSIVE arthritis
- renal problems: vasculitis and immune deposits, renal failure is #1 cause of death
- atherosclerosis and CAD
- endocarditis with vegetations= Libman-Sacks Endocarditis
Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome (APS)
Secondary to SLE
Hypercoagulability- thrombus formations
Chronic Discoid Lupus (DLE)
Skin lesions- plaques with pigmented margins, heal with scar
Not lethal
Oral lesions
Drug Induced Lupus
Anti-histone antibodies develop
Occurs equally in males and females (most auto-immune occur more often in females)
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
Non-suppurative erosive arthritis
Rheumatoid factor is seen in 75% of cases
Type IV hypersensitivity
Synovitis: inflammation of synovium
Pannus: excessive inflammation and repair, some fibroblastic response and some inflammatory, restricts the join movement
-Progressive and Symmetrical joint involvement
-Rheumatoid nodules
-Baker’s cyst on back on knee
Sjogren Syndrome
Suspected viral initiation: Hep C or EBV
Antibodies: Anti-ribonucleoprotein
Dry mouth: salivary gland destruction, lymphocytic infiltration
Dry eyes: Keratoconjuntivitis
Usually a secondary autoimmune disease like RA
40 fold increase in lymphoma
Scleroderma
Localized or systemic
Systemic:
vascular changes- onion skinning
autoimmune response leads to excessive fibroblastic proliferation and fibrosis of the dermis
smooth thickened skin, purse string mouth
symmetrical widening of the PDL
Reynaud’s phenomenon
Pulmonary fibrosis- problems breathing, right ventricular hypertrophy
CREST syndrome
Anti-centromere antibody
NO joint stiffness, mask like face or systemic problems
C: calcinosis
R: raynaud’s phenomenon
E: esophageal dysfunction
S: sclerodactyly: thickening and tightening of the skin on fingers and hands
T: telangiectasis: dilation of capillaries causing red marks on surface of skin
Morphoea
Localized scleroderma
X-Linked Agammaglobilinemia
B-cell lineage is affected, T cells no problem
No B cells= no plasma cells = no antibodies
Recurrent pyrogenic BACTERIAL infections (pneumonia, sinonasal, GI infections)
-Viral infections handled by T cells, unless very severe like Herpes or Hep C
Defect of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase
Selective IgA Deficiency
Most common defect of specific immunity
Mucosal antibody so may have more problems fighting off respiratory and digestive infections
-May also be associated with another autoimmune disorder like RA, SLE
