Immune System (22) Flashcards
Define antibody.
IMMUNOGLOBULIN THAT BINDS TO A SPECIFIC ANTIGEN
INNATE:
MULTIPLE COMPONENTS THAT PREVENT ENTRY; E.G. SKIN, MUCOSAL MEMBRANES, & NONSPECIFIC INTERNAL DEFENSES (CELLS, CHEMICALS, & PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSES)
ADAPTIVE:
LYMPHOCYTES THAT ARE ACTIVATED BY ANTIGEN; E.G. T-LYMPHOCYTES, B-LYMPHOCYTES; TAKES LONGER TO RESPOND
What are 3 antigen-presenting cells?
dendritic cells, B-lymphocytes, macrophages
Which receptors/molecules are embedded in the plasma membrane of cytotoxic T-cells?
T-cell receptor; CD8
Which receptors/molecules are embedded in the plasma membrane of helper T-cells?
t-cell receptor; CD4
Which receptors/molecules are embedded in the plasma membrane of B-cells?
B-cell receptor
MHC class 1 is found on which cell type(s)?
NUCLEATED CELLS
MHC class 2 is found on which cell type(s)?
ANTIGEN-PRESENTING CELLS (MACROPHAGES, DENDRITIC CELLS, ETC.)
MHC class 1 presents antigens to which immune cell?
CYTOTOXIC T-CELL (CD8)
MHC class 2 presents antigens to which immune cell?
T-HELPER CELL (CD4)
What is an endogenous antigen?
INFECTED CELLS THAT WILL PRODUCE ANTIBODIES TO PRESENT ITS SICKNESS
What cell presents an endogenous antigen?
ANTIGEN-PRESENTING CELLS
(MACROPHAGES & DENDRITIC CELLS)
What MHC class molecule are endogenous antigens presented on?
MHC I
What cell is an endogenous antigen presented to?
CD8 (CYTOTOXIC T CELLS)
What is an exogenous antigen?
CELL IS NOT INFECTED; IT TAKES ANTIGENS FROM OUTSIDE OF CELL
What cell presents an exogenous antigen?
DENDRITIC CELLS, MACROPHAGES, & B-CELLS
What MHC class molecule are exogenous antigens presented on?
MHC II
What cell is an exogenous antigen presented to?
CD4 (HELPER T CELLS)
Describe antibodies.
Y-SHAPED PROTEINS THAT FIND & NEUTRALIZE FOREIGN ANTIGENS.
What cell produces antibodies?
PLASMA CELLS (ACTIVATED B LYMPHOCYTES)
VARIABLE REGION:
TIP OF Y SHAPE, UNIQUE TO EACH ANTIBODY; BINDS TO A SPECIFIC ANTIGEN; ALLOWS
DIVERSITY FOR FINDING ANTIGENS
CONSTANT REGION:
STEM OF Y & IS THE SAME ON ALL ANTIBODIES; DETERMINES
ANTIBODY’S CLASS & EFFECTOR FUNCTIONS
IgG:
COMMON; IN LYMPH, CSF, SEROUS FLUID; PASSIVE
IMMUNITY, CROSSES PLACENTA
IgM:
MASSIVE; IN BLOOD; AGGLUTINATION; FIRST & ONLY PRODUCED ANTIBODY IN FETUS
IgA:
EXTERNAL SECRETIONS LIKE MUCUS, TEARS, SALIVA, & BREAST MILK; AGGLUTINATION; ASSOCIATED W/MUCOUS MEMBRANES
IgD:
ANTIGEN SPECIFIC B-LYMPHOCYTE RECEPTOR
IgE:
RELEASED IN ALLERGIC REACTIONS & PARASITIC INFECTIONS; CAUSES RELEASE FROM MAST
CELLS & BASOPHILS, ATTRACTS EOSINOPHILS
ACTIVE IMMUNITY:
DIRECT CONTACT W/ANTIGEN; PRODUCES MEMORY CELLS; CAN BE NATURALLY, OR ARTIFICIALLY ACQUIRED THRU VACCINES
PASSIVE IMMUNITY:
NO MEMORY CELLS PRODUCED; ACQUIRED FROM ANOTHER PERSON/ANIMAL; CAN BE NATURALLY ACQUIRED (BREAST MILK/PLACENTA), OR ARTIFICIALLY THRU EXPOSURE TO ANIMAL
Know the branching order in the respiratory system:
LARYNX, TRACHEA, MEDIASTINUM, R/L MAIN BRONCHUS, R/L LOBAR BRONCHUS, R/L SEGMENTAL BRONCHUS, & SMALLER BRONCHI.
