Immune system Flashcards
What makes up the first line of defence
Skin
linings of internal body system (Hair in your nose and throat, mucus, coughing, sneezing)
What is the second line of defence
WBC/white blood cells
Surround and kill pathogens
release chemicals to make it easier to kill pathogens
inflammation
What is the third line of defence
Specialize wbc’s/white blood cell
if the same pathogen enters the body diesels can quickly respond by making sure you don’t get sick again
A.k.a. (AIR) acquired immune response
What is a vaccine (4 points)
A substance that causes a response in the body that protects against a specific disease
Maybe injected, taken orally, or through the nose
Usually given to babies or children based on their age
The immune system recognizes the pathogen if exposed again and defends the body
What are the four types of vaccines
Live attenuated vaccine, an activated vaccine, conjugate vaccine, toxoid vaccine
What is a live attenuated vaccine
Contains living microbes weakend in the laboratory
provide a strong lifelong immunity after one or two doses
Examples measles, mumps, chickenpox and yellow fever vaccine
What is the inactivated vaccine
Contains microbes killed with heat, chemicals or radiation
We can response from the immune system
booster needed
without causing illness
E.g. hepatitis A, rabies, and whopping cough vaccines
What is a conjugate vaccine
Certain pieces are used
made in a lab
immunity after several doses
E.g. hepatitis B, flu vaccine, Covid vaccine
What is a toxoid vaccine
Made using toxins that some bacteria produce
are inactivated in the lab so they no longer contain disease
booster shots are needed
E.g. diphtheria and tetanus
What are medicines and antibiotics (4 thing)
Substances are fight infection
either kill the bacteria or prevent them from growing
effective against specific types of bacteria
not useful against infections caused by viruses or other microbes
What is herd immunity
Vaccines protect the people getting vaccinated and the people around them
more people in the community get vaccinated less likely the disease will spread
if a person is vaccinated they are also protecting the most vulnerable children, elderly, people with underlying health conditions
