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Module 19-Immune System > Immune System > Flashcards

Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

This is resistance to disease

A

Immunity

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2
Q

What are the two innate lines of defense and what makes them up?

A

First Line-Skin and Membranes

Second Line- internal cells and chemicals

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3
Q

What is the adaptive innate defense system?

A

Third line of defense, memory, provoke immune response

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4
Q

Surface barriers as in the first line of defense can _____ or _____ microorganisms

A

inhibit or destroy

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5
Q

The second line of defense has two types of phagocytes, what are they?

A

Neutrophils-most common

Macrophages-developed from monocytes

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6
Q

These cells used in 2nd line of defense are large, granular lymphocytes that lack “self” receptors. They use apoptosis in cancer and virus infected cells

A

Natural Killer Cells

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7
Q

What are the four cardinal signs of acute inflammation?

A

Redness, Swelling, Heat, Pain

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8
Q

This is the first step of phangocyte mobilization where there is a release of neutrophils from bone marrow in response to leukocytosis inducing factor from injured cells

A

Leukocytosis

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9
Q

This is the second step of phangocyte mobilization is when neutrophils cling to the wall of capillaries in inflamed areas

A

Margination

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10
Q

What is the third step of phangocyte mobilization that is transportation of neutrophils

A

Diapedsis

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11
Q

This is the final step of phangocyte mobilization when inflammatory chemicals promote positive chemotaxis of neutrophils

A

Chemotaxis

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12
Q

These are produced by virus-infected cells that enter and block the reproduction of other viruses

A

Interferons

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13
Q

Interferons reduce ______ and ____ macrophages and NK cells

A

inflammation

active

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14
Q

This antimircobial protein encompasses 20 blood proteins that inactivate form in body fluids, it destroys foreign substances and enhances defenses

A

the complement

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15
Q

How does the complement kill bacteria and certain types of cells?

A

Cell Lysis

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16
Q

There are two pathways of complement activation, they both lead to the formation of Membrane attact complex

A

Classical and Alternative

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17
Q

This pathway also promotes phangocytosis by antibody coating and enhances inflammation

A

Alternative pathway

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18
Q

This is a systematic response to invading microorganisms caused by pyrogens that reset the bodys thermostat upwards

A

Fever

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19
Q

The adaptive immune system has two branches, what are they?

A

Humoral and Cellular

20
Q

This adaptive immune system response is based on the release of specific antibodies

A

Humoral

21
Q

This adaptive immunity uses specific cells to combat pathogens or other threats

A

Cellular immunity

22
Q

Both humoral and cellular immunity have the ability to recognize these which are large complexes that provoke an immune response

A

Antigens

23
Q

Substances that are naturally found in the body are called _____ whereas substances not normally found in the body are called ______

A

self

nonself

24
Q

Foreign protein and polysaccharides are usually called _____ antigens because they have two important functions

A

complete antigens

25
Q

This property of complete antigens has the ability to stimulate proliferation of specific lymphocytes and antibodies

A

Immunogencey

26
Q

This property of complete antigens has the ability to react with products of activated lymphocytes and antibodies released

A

Reactivity

27
Q

These are small molecules that are immunogenic only when attached body proteins, they are common in allergic reactions

A

Incomplete antigens or haptens

28
Q

There are two types of lymphocytes, these mature in the red bone marrow and are part of the humoral immunity

A

B lymphocytes

29
Q

There are two types of lymphocytes, these mature in the thymus and are part of cell mediated immunity

A

T lymphocytes

30
Q

Mature lymphocytes have the ability to reconize and bind to specific antigens, which is called

A

Immunocompetence

31
Q

Mature lymphocytes are unresponsive to self-antigens which is also known as

A

Self tolerance

32
Q

In order to undergo self-tolerance, T lymphocytes undergo a two-step process, what are the two steps?

A

Positive-selects T cells caplable of binding self-MHC

Negative- prompts apoptosis of T cells that bind self-antigens displayed by self-MHC

33
Q

These play an essential role in immunity, they do not respond to specific antigens but present fragments of antigens to be recognized to lymphocytes

A

Antigen presenting cells

34
Q

This APC is in connective tissue and the epidermis

A

Dentric

35
Q

This APC is in connective tissues and lymphoid organs

A

Macrophages

36
Q

This APC is in all tissues

A

B cells

37
Q

The first encounter between antigen and a naive immunocompetent lymphoycyte is called

A

Antigen challenge

38
Q

Antigen challenge usually occurs in in where?

A

Spleen or lymph node

39
Q

If a lymphocyte is a B cell the antigen challenge leads to formation of a clone which are _____ that secrete ______ against the antigens encountered`

A

Plasma cells

antibodies

40
Q

B cells that do not form plasma cells become _______ cells that create the immunological memory which helps the body mount an immediate response to furture expose the same antigen

A

Memory cells

41
Q

This response to first exposure to specfic antigens is called _____ immune response and takes about 3-6 days for antibodies to appear

A

Primary

42
Q

_______ immune response occurs on re-exposure to the same antigen. ________ cells respond within hours and levels peak to 2-3 days

A

Secondary

Memory

43
Q

_______ _______ immunity occurs when B cells encounter antigens and produce specific antibodies against them.

A

Active humoral

44
Q

The first type of active humoral immunity is a response to a bacterial or viral infection

A

Naturally Acquired

45
Q

This active humoral is a response to a vaccine of dead or attenuated pathogens

A

Artificially Acquired.

46
Q

In _____ _______ immunity, B cells are not challenged by antigens. Thus immunological memory does not occur

A

Passive humoral

Module 19-Immune System (2 decks)

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