Immune System Flashcards
B lymphocyte primary immunity
Iga deficiency
T lymphocyte primary immunity
Immature Thymus cells
Combined deficiencies
infections that don’t respond to antibiotics
Secondary immune deficiency
Loss of previously effective immune system
Active immunity
Obtain immunity from a vaccine
Passive immunity
Previously formed antibodies from a donor
Describe the process of HIV and it progression to AIDS
HIV is a retrovirus - the genetic code is carried on the RNA instead of the DNA
Viral RNA enters a host cell
-binds to surface of target (T cells that have the CD4 molecules attached - inserts viral RNA into the cell - - CD4+ cells are needed as a defense against pathogens
Viral RNA is transcribed to the DNA of a host CD4+ by an enzyme and integrated into DNA
Viral DNA directs activities of the cell and forms messenger RNA (mRNA) builds new viruses
Damages/Ruptures the cellular membrane - large numbers of host cells are killed drops the CD4 T cell count
Copies of HIV are released into the bloodstream -
attach to new CD4+ T cells invade other CD4+ T cells - infection spreads
Antibodies appear against the antigen
-4-7 weeks if from a blood/blood product transfusion
May take longer than a year if transmission is from sexual conduct - remain - remain HIV negative for a long time
How is HIV spread?
Blood/blood product transfusion, intravenous drug abuse, sexual activity, maternal child
What distinguishes AIDS from HIV
CD4 T cell count is <200/mm3 in aids and opportunistic infections often occur
Antigen
Substance that elicits an immune response
Antibody
Immune globulins produced by lymphocytes
Allergy
Hypersensitivity to an antigen
Autoimmunity
Body cannot identify its own antigens
Alloimmunity
Reaction against foreign substance
(Hypersensitivity Reaction 1)
IgE Mediated Hypersensitivity Reaction
most common allergic reactions (hay fever)
Exposure to allergens causes IgE antibody production
