Immune Responses to Emerging Infections Flashcards
Primordial reservoir of influenza virus
aquatic fowl (duck, goose)
Describe the structure of influenza virus
8 helices, segmented, negative ssRNA, Orthomyxoviridae
What is the format for Influenza virus nomenclature?
origin/geographic location/strain #/year (H#N#)
What are the two mechanisms for clearing influenza?
- Cytotoxic T cells 2. Intracellular anti-influenza protein by alpha and beta interferons in macrophages
Antigenic drift vs shift?
Drift: occurs over time; Shift: abrupt major change
Organize groups A,B,C according to likelihood of causing an outbreak
A>B>C
How many hours does it take to reach maximal levels of influenza virus?
48hrs
How many days does it take to shed the influenza virus?
6-8 days
What cells in the URT does influenza manifest in?
epithelial cells and mononuclear cells
T or F. Give aspirin to reduce fever secondary to influenza infection.
False. Aspirin can cause Reynaud’s syndrome.
How are vaccines for influenza inactivated?
formalin or beta propriolactone
What is the strain of avian flu?
H5N1
When do the interferons reach peak levels?
1 day after the virus reaches peak levels
What is the main mucosal antibody for influenza virus?
IgA
What happens to neutrophils during influenza infection?
Increase during days 1-2
What happens to total cell count during influenza infection?
Increase during days 1-3
What happens to lymphocytes during influenza infection?
Increase during days 1-2
When do CD8+ T cells appear during influenza infections?
Day 6-14
When do CD8+ T cells disappear during influenza infections?
Day 21
The H1N1 pandemic of 2009 is a combination of what strains?
H3N2, H1N1, HIN2
Differentiate DHF and dengue.
DHF has vascular permeability, hemostatic abnormalities and bleeding diasthesis
What Ig is first to appear in dengue?
IgM
When does IgG detected in dengue?
End of first week
What differentiates Chikungunya vs dengue?
Arthralgia and arthritis
