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Immunology First Aid USMLE > Immune Responses > Flashcards

Immune Responses Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Classic Pathway Activating Antibodies

A
  • GM makes classic cars

- IgG and IgM

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2
Q

What Activates the Alternative Complement Pathway?

A

Microbe surface molecules

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3
Q

What activates the Lectin Complement Pathway?

A

Mannose or other sugars on the microbe surface

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4
Q

What does C3b do?

A

Binds Bacteria

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5
Q

What do C3a and C5a do?

A

Anaphylaxis (both) and Neutrophil Chemotaxis (C5a)

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6
Q

The two primary opsonins in bacterial defense

A

C3b and IgG

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7
Q

What do C5b-9 mediate?

A

Cytolysis by MAC

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8
Q

C1 Esterase Inhibitor Deficiency leads to

A
  • Hereditary Angioedema
  • Edema of skin (esp. Periorbital) and mucosal surfaces.
  • ACE Inhibitors are contraindicated
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9
Q

C3 Deficiency leads to

A
  • Severe, recurrent Pyogenic Sinus and respiratory tract infections
  • Increased susceptibility to type III HS reactions.
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10
Q

C5-9 Deficiencies lead to

A

Recurrent Neisseria bacteremia

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11
Q

DAF (GPI anchored enzyme) Deficiency leads to

A

Complement-mediated lysis of RBC’s and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)

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12
Q

Cytokines secreted by Macrophages

A

IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, and TNF-alpha

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13
Q

Cytokines secreted by all T cells

A

IL-2 and IL-3

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14
Q

Cytokine secreted by Th1 cells

A

Interferon-gamma

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15
Q

Cytokines secreted by Th2 cells

A

IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10

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16
Q

What do Interferons do?

A
  • INTERFERE with viruses

- Get cells to produce a ribonuclease that inhibits viral protein synthesis by degrading viral mRNA

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17
Q

B cell surface proteins

A

Ig (binds antigen), CD19, CD20, CD 21 (receptor for EBV), CD40, MHC II, and B7

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18
Q

NK cell Surface Proteins

A

CD16 (binds Fc of IgG) and CD56 (unique to NK)

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19
Q

Type III HSR mechanism

A
  • Antigen-antibody (IgG) complexes activate complement which attracts neutrophils which then release lysosomal enzymes.
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20
Q

Type II HSR Mechanism

A

Igm/IgG bind to fixed antigen on “enemy” cell, leading to cellular destruction by opsonization, complement-mediated lysis (C5-9) and Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), usually by NK cells.

21
Q

Test for Type II HSR

A

Direct and Indirect Coombs’

22
Q

Test for Type I HSR

A

Skin test for IgE

23
Q

Test for Type IV HSR

A

Patch test, PPD

24
Q

4 T’s associated with Type IV HSR

A

T Lymphocytes, Transplant Rejections, TB Skin Tests, Touching (contact dermatitis)

25
Q

Immune Complex Disease (type III) in which antibodies to foreign proteins (haptans, bacteria, etc) are produced, complexes are formed and deposited in membranes where they fix complement and produce damage –>

A

Serum Sickness

26
Q

Local subacute type III HSR from intradermal injection –> complexes in the skin –> edna, necrosis, and complement activation.

A

Arthus Reaction

27
Q

Quick Mnemonic to remember the HSRs

A

ACID

  • Anaphylactic and Atopic (type I)
  • Cytotoxic (antibody mediated, type II)
  • Immunce Complex (type III)
  • Delayed (cell mediated, type IV)
28
Q

Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA) Associated With

A

SLE, nonspecific

29
Q

Rheumatoid Factor, anti-CCP Associated With

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis

30
Q

IgA Antiendomysial, IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase Associated With

A

Celiac Disease

31
Q

Anti-desmoglein Associated With

A

Pemphigus Vulgaris

32
Q

Anti-SSB (anti-La) Associated With

A

Sjogren’s Syndrome

33
Q

Anti-smooth muscle Associated With

A

Autoimmune Hepatitis

34
Q

p-ANCA (MPO-ANCA) Associated With

A

Microscopic Polyangiitis, Churg-Strauss Syndrome

35
Q

Anticentromere Associated With

A

Scleroderma (CREST syndrome)

36
Q

Anti-U1 RNP (ribonucleoprotein) Associated With

A

Mixed Connective Tissue Disease

37
Q

Anti-glutamate Decarboxylase Associated With

A

Type I Diabetes Mellitus

38
Q

Antihistone Associated With

A

Drug-induced Lupus

39
Q

Antimitochondrial Associated With

A

Primary Biliary Cirrhosis

40
Q

Anti-SSA (anti-Ro) Associated With

A

Sjogren’s Syndrome

41
Q

c-ANCA (PR3-ANCA) Associated With

A

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener’s)

42
Q

Anti-Jo-1, anti-SRP, anti-Mi-2 Associated With

A

Polymyositis, dermatomyositis

43
Q

Antimicrosomal, antithyroglobulin Associated With

A

Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

44
Q

Anti-basement membrane Associated With

A

Goodpasture’s Syndrome

45
Q

Anti-Scl-70 (anti-DNA topoisomerase I) Associated With

A

Scleroderma (diffuse)

46
Q

Anti-dsDNA, anti-Smith Associated With

A

SLE

47
Q

What do alpha and beta interferons do specifically?

A

The inhibit viral protein synthesis.

48
Q

What does gamma interferon do specifically?

A

Increase MHC I and II expression and antigen presentation in all cells.

Immunology First Aid USMLE (6 decks)

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