Immune Response To Infection Flashcards
What are the first cells to reach an area that is injured or experienced trauma?
First neutrophils then followed by the monocytes which differentiate to become macrophages.
Phagocyte response to pathogen. Common features
Pro inflammatory cytokines
Immunomodulatory genes
Phagocyte response to bacteria & fungi specific
Antimicrobial genes
Metabolic genes
Phagocyte response to virus
Antiviral genes
Interferon production
Do macrophages need to be activated in the innate immune system?
Yes, interferon gamma released by the t-cells which helps the macrophage kill the bacteria
How many types of interferon are there? Where are they produced?
3 types: interferon gamma (type 2) produced by lymphocytes bacterial response / alpha &beta (type 1) / type 3 produced on the epithelial surfaces
How many cells can produce type 1 interferon?
All cells
What type of T cell acts in reaction to a bacteria infection?
CD4 T-Helper cell
What type of T-cell acts i reaction to a viral infection?
Predominantly CD8 cytotoxic t cells
Broad functions of T cells
Phagocyte activation
Direct killing of infected cells
B cell activation
What are innate lymphoid T Cells / Gamma Delta T cells
Innate lymphoid T cells cells are early responders to infection - MHC independent (don’t rely on MHC on antigen specific responses compared to normal CD4 or CD8 T-Cells)
What is affinity maturation?
B-Cells undergo somatic hyper mutation, i.e. recognise the antigen, undergo gene editing so that the antibodies produced are even more specific to the antigen. Can cause problems with immune tolerance
Cytokine response to Th1 immunity
IFNg
Cytokine response to Th2 immunity
IL-4
IL-5
IL-13
Cytokine response for Th17 immunity
IL- 17
IL- 22
