Immune Response

Question 1

lag phase

Answer 1

also called inductive or latent phase, period of time before antibody can be detected after initial exposure to immunogen (antigen)

Question 2

steady state

Answer 2

when peak antibody concentration is reached

Question 3

secondary response

Answer 3

shorter lag time, higher rates of antibody synthesis, higher peak of antibody titer, longer persistence of antibody (increased half life), predominance of IgG, higher affinity of antibody, requires less antigen

Question 4

clonal expansion

Answer 4

proliferation of a single B cell (from 1 to 1000 daughter cells in 10 days)

Question 5

Hapten-Carrier

Answer 5

hapten molecules that are bound to a carrier protein to make it immunogenic (provoke immune response)

Question 6

T-independent antigens

Answer 6

generally polymeric molecules with repeating subunits that can cause cross linking of the immunoglobulin on the B cell.

Some are polyclonal activators of B cells that provide mitogenic signal to the B cell through Toll receptors

Question 7

Antigen presenting cells

Answer 7

initiate interaction with antigen by endocytosis or phagocytosis. Could be enhanced with complement.

must take up and process antigen, have MHC class 2 antigen on its surface, present antigen, provide co-stimulatory signal (B7)

Question 8

presentation of antigen without co-stimulation

Answer 8

does not induce immunity

Question 9

clonal selection theory

Answer 9

each naive B cell produces an immunoglobulin of unique specificity