Immune Response Flashcards
zoonose
Infection that passes from non-human to human
histamine
cause blood vessels to dilate and become more permeable
mast cells
releases histamines when agitated and is located in the walls of blood vessels
adaptive immunity
antibodies that attack and destroy foreign invaders
virulence
the relative ability of a microorganism to overcome host cells
innate immunity
consists of physical, chemical and cellular defences against pathogens
phagocytosis
the process by when certain living things called phagocytes ingest/ engulf other cells or particles
antigen
a toxic/foreign substance which causes living things called phagocytes ingest or engulf other cells or particles
pathogen
a virus or other microorganisms that can cause disease and has proteins attached to its surface
lymphocytes
a type of WBC formed or matured in lymphatic tissue ( lymph system)
neutrophils
a leukocyte (WBC) that
- phagocytes pathogens
- releases anti-microbial compounds e.g defensins and hydrogen peroxide
- releases cytokines
macrophage
a WBC that can engulf material by phagocytosis
cytokines
a small signalling molecule used in the immune system
Explain the Innate Immune Response
-nonspecific
- rapid
- includes the inflammatory response and barriers of diseases
- does not lead to immunity
neutrophils
- mast cells
- histamines
- inflammation
- leukocytes
- attacks pathogens
Expalin the Adapative Immune Response
- specific
- involves immunological memory
- T cells/ B cells
- leads to immunity
- antibodies
- leukocytes
- attacks pathogens
What are T and B cells
T cells- attacks infected cells inside the cell
B cells- attacks nucleus outside the cell
Both:
- types of lymphocytes
- originate in the bone marrow
- are activated by antigens
- produce memory cells
What are antibiotics
a substance synthesised or produced vt microorganisms that inhibit the growth of a particular type of bacteria. DOES NOT KILL
How?
- chemicals that prevent competition for resources by another species
- only works against bacteria
What are the types of T cells?
T helper cells- activate T killer cells and B cells
T killer cells - destroys targeted cells
T memory cells- responds quickly and strongly when the same antigen is encounted again
antibodies
- immunoglobulins
- produced by B lymphocytes and released into the blood and lymph fluid
- a protein with binding sites for a specific antigen
- neutralise toxins
- does not ill the pathogens
- neutralise pathogens ( prevent from entering the cell)
- facilitates phagocytosis by other leukocytes
Explain the Humoral Response
- relating to body cells outside the cell
- B lymphocytes are formed in the bone marrow and then migrated to the lymphatic system
- B cells recognise and bind specific antigens
- B cells defend against bacteria and viruses outside the cell and toxins produced by bacteria
- some differentiate into memory cells
The cell-mediated Response
- formed in the bone marrow
- mature to the thymus
- migrate to the lymphatic system
T cells do not respond to antigens - they are on the surface of infected cells
- T cells defend against intracellular pathogens, cancerous cells and foreign tissues
The cell-mediated Response
- formed in the bone marrow
- mature to the thymus
- migrate to the lymphatic system
T cells do not respond to antigens - they are on the surface of infected cells
- T cells defend against intracellular pathogens, cancerous cells and foreign tissues
