Genetics Flashcards
What is DNA replication?
- makes copies of itself
- each cell needs to have the exact copy of the DNA present in the old cell
What is the difference between a gene and an allele?
A gene is a characteristic expressed and alleles are the difference forms of that particular characteristic
Describe the process of Mitosis
Prophase- visible nucleus, chromosomes are condescending
Metaphase- chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
Anaphase- chromosomes are moving away, centriole has appeared on both sides of the cells with spindles attached
Telophase- 2 nuclei form around the chromosomes, cytokines occurs (separation of the cytoplasm to form a new cell)
What is mitosis?
- the division of one parent diploid cell into two identical diploid cells
- produces body cells ( 23 pairs, 46 chromosomes)
- cells are not dividing all the time
-growth + repair
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Describe the process of meiosis cell division
Prophase 1: homologous pairs of chromosomes cross over swapping genes
Metaphase 1: pairs of chromosomes line up in the middle
Anaphase 1: chromosomes are pulled away by spindles
Telophase 1: cytokinesis at nucleus forms
Prophase 2: nucleus disappears and spindles are formed
Metaphase 2: chromosomes line up in the middle
Anaphase 2: chromatids being pulled away
Telophase 2: cytokinesis, new nucleus, and non-identical daughter cells are produced.
What is meiosis
- makes gametes (sex cells)
- 1/2 the number of chromosomes
- 2x cell production
- creates reproductive cells
What is semi-conservated and when does it occur?
Occurs during Interphase
Semi Conservated means strands made up of 1 original and 1 new piece of DNA. THe new piece should b exactly identical.
What are diploid and haploid cells
diploid: cell containing two copies of each chromosome
haploid: a single set of chromosomes
Sue and Barry both have black hair. Their son, Tom, has blonde hair. Which statement is true
Blonde hair is recessive because recessive genes can skip a generation
A set of characteristics that living things inherit from their parents are called …. traits.
heredity
A set of characteristics that living things inherit from their parents are called …. traits.
heredity
