immune responce Flashcards

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1
Q

2 types of immune responce ?

A

innate and adaptive

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2
Q

which is first?

A

innate

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3
Q

what is the first cell type ?

A

pluripotent hematopiethic stem cells in bone marrow

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4
Q

what two paths can pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells take ?

A

common lymphoid progen or myeroid

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5
Q

what do common lymphoid porgen turn into ?

A

T, B and NK , AND DENTITIC

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6
Q

what do common myeroid progen turn into ?

A

macrophages (neutorphils ,eosinophils, mast cells, monocytes) or erythrocytes

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7
Q

what are the primary immune tissues?

A

thymus and bone marrow

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8
Q

what are the secondary immune tissues?

A

spleen, lymph nodes adenoids and tonsils

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9
Q

3 main steps in infection time line ?

A

establish infection ( fights with innate), induction of adaptive, adaptive

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10
Q

what are B cells activated by ?

A

antigen and t cells, to get a full response need cytokines and receptor activation

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11
Q

3 main ways antibodies can kill pathogen?

A

neutralisation, opsonisation and complement activation

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12
Q

what happens in neutralisation?

A

prevents adhesion to cells

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13
Q

what happens in opsonisation?

A

promotes phagocytosis

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14
Q

what happens in complement activation?

A

enhances opsonisation and lyse bacterial protein punches membrane

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15
Q

how are unique antibodies produced?

A

conbination of diff genetic sections - diff protein receptor
and somatic hypermutation- specific changes to binding pocket

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16
Q

classes of antibodies ?

A

IgG, IgA, IgD, IgE, IgM

17
Q

where is IgG found ?

A

bloodstream , can cross placenta

18
Q

IgA found?

A

mucosa

19
Q

IgE found?

A

inflammation and allergy response

20
Q

what are the cd4+ subsets?

A

T helper 1) helps with anitbody porduction and presistant infections ,
T helper 2) also anitbody but IgE too
T helper 17) neutrophil and inflammatory and extracellular bac
Regulatory T cells

21
Q

when is MHC1 cell response activated?

A

intracellular proteins, viruses, present to CD8+ t cells

22
Q

when is MHC2 cell responce activated?

A

extracellular proteins, bacteria, present to CD4+ t cells

23
Q

what does MHC stand for?

A

major histome compatibility complex

24
Q

examples of anitgen presenting cells?

A

B, dendritic cells and macrophages

25
Q

which cell doesn’t recognise the 3d structure of a pathogen protein ?

A

T cells- only recognise epitopes deep within the coded protein

26
Q

what do secondary receptors do?

A

prevent non specific activation and make its safer

27
Q

what influences immune response?

A

route of infection

28
Q

two types of antigenic mutations ?

A

drift and shift

29
Q

what happens in drift?

A

point mutations cause changes to the dna , possibly the receptor

30
Q

what happens in shift?

A

two strains of similar infections swap genetic material cause drastic changes in DNA and possibly receptor