Immune mediated skin disease

Question 1

What is juvenile cellulitis or puppy strangles?

Answer 1

Sterile granulomatous dermatitis and lymphadenitis

Idiopathic skin condition - affects mainly puppies but also adults

Question 2

What breeds are predisposed to Sterile Granulomaotus Dermatitis and Lymphadenitis (puppy strangles, juvenile cellulitis)?

Answer 2

Golden Retriever
Lab retriever
Dachshund
Hereditary component - more than 1 in litter may be affected

Question 3

Where on the body does sterile granulomatous dermatitis and lymphadenitis (puppy strangles, juvenile cellulitis) usually form? What other clinical signs may be seen

Answer 3

Face and head - swelling

+/- lethargy, fever, hyporrexia and lameness

Question 4

How is sterile granulomatous dermatitis and lymphadenitis (puppy strangles, juvenile cellulitis) treated?

Answer 4

Gluocorticoids - prednisolone
+/- steroid sparing agents - ciclosporin
+/- antibiotics for secondary infection

Question 5

Pemphigus foliaceus is the most common autoimmune skin disease in dogs. It typically affects older dogs but can affect dogs of any age. How is it treated?

Answer 5

Glucocorticoids - prednisolone

Steroid sparing agents - ciclosporin

Question 6

Is pemphigus foliaceus unilateral or bilateral? Is it symmetrical?

Answer 6

Bilateral and symmetrical

Question 7

What are the clinical signs of pemphigus foliaceus?

Answer 7

Bilateral, symmetrical skin disease
Lethargy
Pyrexia
Anorexia

Question 8

What uncommon condition affects young to middle aged dogs, causing idiopathic attack on the sebaceous glands leading to severe scaling, follicular casts and alopecia?

Answer 8

Granulomatous idiopathic sebaceous adenitis

Question 9

How is granulomatous idiopathic sebaceous adenitis treated?

Answer 9

Anti-inflammatories - ciclosporin
Treat secondary infections topically
Replace missing lipids in sin and remove scales with shampoos and moisturisers

Question 10

What condition causes acute cutaneous inflammatory reactions, leading to ‘target’ shaped lesions that aren’t usually pruritic?

Answer 10

Erythema multiforme

Question 11

What causes erythema multiforme?

Answer 11

Drug reactions
Idiopathic
Bacterial/viral infections/systemic disease
Food additives

Question 12

What is the treatment for erythema multiforme?

Answer 12

Look for underlying cause and correct it - stop drug therapy, diet trial
Severe cases may need immunosuppressives

Question 13

Sterile nodular panniculitis is reported in patients with what other conditions?

Answer 13

Pancreatitis
Polyarthritis
Systemic lupus erythematosus

Question 14

How is sterile nodular panniculitis treated?

Answer 14

Immunosuppression
Vitamin E for antioxidant support
(If single lesion, consider surgery)

Question 15

Canine acute eosinophilic dermatitis with oedema (Wells-like Syndrome) is seen commonly in what breed?

Answer 15

Labradors

30% of cases are Labs

Question 16

Canine acute eosinophilic dermatitis with oedema (Wells-like Syndrome) is associated with a history of what?

Answer 16

GI upset

History of V+ D+ 10 days prior to onset

Question 17

What is the treatment for Canine acute eosinophilic dermatitis with oedema (Wells-like Syndrome)?

Answer 17

Drug withdrawal
Treat GI signs
Immunomodulation

Question 18

What is the difference between onychodystrophy and onychomadesis?

Answer 18

Onychodystrophy - abnormal claw formation

Onychomadesis - sloughing of claws with onychitis

Question 19

Symmetrical lupoid onychomadesis has an unknown aetiology but is thought to be associated with…

Answer 19

Allergic reaction to food or vaccine
Atopic dermatitis
Immune mediated disorder
Hypothyroidism - check thyroid
Strenuous exercise in working dogs
(Gordon Setter, GSD)

Question 20

What is the treatment for symmetrical lupoid onychomadesis?

Answer 20

Remove loose nails
Analgesia
ABs for secondary infection
Identify underyling cause e.g. hypothyroid, CAD