Ear disease Flashcards
Pruritis of pinnal margins suggest what ectoparasites?
Scabies
Neotrombicula autumnalis
‘Dry coffee ground’ ear discharge suggests what ear infection?
Otodectes
Moist brown ear discharge suggests what pathogens?
Staph or Malassezia
Purulent yellow or green ear discharge suggests what pathogen?
Pseudomonas
Ceruminous ear discharge can suggest what underlying conditions?
Allergy
Hypothyroid
Keratinisation defect
(Bacteriodes spp)
When should watery or oily ear cleaners be used? How often should ears be cleaned with ear infections?
Water - in presence of pus
Oil - in presence of wax
2X weekly
What should you not flush the ears with in cats?
Chlorhexidine
Name a drying agent used to flush the ear
Boric acid
How can you check if an ear drum is perforated or not?
Flushing back and forth with saline
Bubble = perforation
What is the medical treatment for an aural haematoma?
Needle drainage + methylprednisolone
May lead to abscess
What is the surgical treatment for an acute or chronic aural haematoma? When should this be performed?
Acute - stab incision, lavage, drain placement (immediate in dogs, wait 5-6 days in cats)
Chronic - surgical drainage and suturing
What ceruminous gland neoplasia is a predisposing factor or primary cause for otitis externa?
Cystadenomatosis
What breed is ear margin seborrhea seen commonly in? What condition is it thought to be linked to?
Dachshund
Hypothyroidism
What is the treatment for ear margin seborrhea?
Emollient rinses
Vaseline
Propylene glycol
Surgery
What is the most common foreign body of the ear?
Grass seed
Does otitis externa prefer high or low temperature, humidity or pH?
High temperature
High humidity
High pH
Hypersensitivity OE or chronic allergic otitis externa is a complication of CAD and food allergies. What 2 pathogens are usually involved with secondary infections?
Staph pseudointermedius
Malassezia
(treat underlying cause as well as infection)
What is PSPP in relation to otitis externa?
Primary disease - CAD, otodectes, FB
Secondary - Malassezia, Staph, Pseudomonas
Predisposing - conformation, trauma
Perpetuating - hyperplasia, stenosis, scarring
Otitis interna is rare. What clinical signs may be seen?
Head tilt, asymmetrical ataxia and falling, rotatory nystagmus
Vomiting
Anorexia
How is otitis interna diagnosed and treated?
Neuro exam - rule out other cause
Ear exam, MRI/CT
Treatment antibiotics +/- myringotomy (hole in ear drum to allow drainage)
What breeds are predisposed to primary secretory otitis media?
CKCS
Brachycephalics
What is primary secretory otitis media? How is it diagnosed?
Marked mucoid build up in middle ear
Causing deafness or pain
Middle ear bulging on otoscopy
How is primary secretory otitis treated?
Repeated flushing and myringotomy
Dembrexine (mucolytic)
Steroids- reduce mucus production
How is septic otitis media treated?
Myringotomy (if TM intact) and 4-6 weeks ABs
If fails - TECA/LBO
