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Pathophysiology > Immune/Hypersensitivity 3- Mini exam 3 (09/08) > Flashcards

Immune/Hypersensitivity 3- Mini exam 3 (09/08) Flashcards

1
Q

exposure to the infectious agent occurs through infection and immunity is acquired

A

natural active immunity

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2
Q

exposure to the infections agents is injected as a weak or injured antigen (vaccination) and immunity is acquired

A

passive active immunity

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3
Q

acquired by a child through placenta and breast milk causing temporary immunity

A

natural passive immunity

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4
Q

injection to suppress symptoms or give temporary immunity

A

artificial passive immunity

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5
Q

name for type 1 hypersensitivity

A

allergic reaction

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6
Q

name for type 2 hypersensitivity

A

cytotoxic hypersensitivity

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7
Q

name for type 3 hypersensitivity

A

immune complex hypersensitivity

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8
Q

name for type 4 hypersensitivity

A

cell mediated delayed hypersensitivity

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9
Q

allergic reaction

A

exposure to allergen produces IgE. These antibodies attach to mast cells which are in connective tissues and release histamine upon activation causing inflammation
presents symptoms like rash, runny and itchy nose etc

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10
Q

cytotoxic hypersensitivity

A

caused by IgG antibodies reacting with antigen causing destruction of the cell. Seen in improper blood transfusion

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11
Q

immune complex hypersensitivity

A

antigen and antibody form a complex that is deposited on tissue (often blood vessel walls) which causes inflammation and tissue destruction. Seen in rheumatoid arthritis and glomerulonephritis

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12
Q

cell mediated/delayed hypersensitivity

A

delayed response of T lymphocytes resulting in a release of lymphokines that cause inflammation and destruction of the antigen. Seen in the TB skin test, also organ transplant rejection

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13
Q

anaphylaxis

A

a severe response to an allergen in which the symptoms develop quickly, and without help, the patient can die within a few minutes

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14
Q

autoimmune disorder

A

any of a large group of diseases characterized by a condition in which the immune system produces antibodies against its own tissues

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15
Q

systemic lipid erythematosus

A

chronic disease of the connective tissue that injures the skin, joints, kidneys, nervous system, and mucous membranes. May produce a characteristic red, scaly butterfly rash across the cheeks and nose

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16
Q

systemic lupis erythematous physiology

A

characterized by a large number of antibodies circulating defending against DNA, platelets, erythrocytes, nucleic acids and other nucleic materials. treat w prednisone

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17
Q

cell mediated response

A

cytotoxic (killer) T cells defend against infection in body cells

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18
Q

humoral response

A

antibodies defend against infection in body fluids

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19
Q

IgG

A

75% most common, activates complement, antibody activity against toxins, viruses and bacteria, passive immunity in newborns via placental transfer, produced in primary and secondary immune responses

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20
Q

IgA

A

15% concentrated in bodily secretions such as breastmilk, tears, and saliva

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21
Q

IgM

A

10% 1st immunoglobulin to proliferate in immune response, bound to B lymphocytes, activates complement

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22
Q

IgD

A

0.2% bound to and activates B cells

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23
Q

IgE

A

0.004% bound to mast cells in skin and mucous membranes, stimulates mast cell release of histamine in allergic immune response, leading to inflammation

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24
Q

antigen

A

foreign substance, microbes or component of the cell that stimulates immune response

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25
Q

antibody

A

specific protein produced in humoral response to bind with antigen

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26
Q

autoantibody

A

antibodies against self antigen; attacks body’s own tissues

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27
Q

neutrophils

A

wbc in inflammatory process (nonspecific)

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28
Q

basophils

A

wbc that bind to IgE and release histamine

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29
Q

eosinophils

A

wbc involved in allergic response and defense against pathogens

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30
Q

monocytes

A

wbc that migrate from blood to tissues and become macrophages

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31
Q

macrophages

A

performs phagocytosis

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32
Q

mast cells

A

release chemical mediates such as histamine in connective tissue

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33
Q

B lymphocyte

A

forms in bone marrow, humoral immunity, activated cell becomes an antibody producing plasma cell or a B memory cell

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34
Q

plasma cells

A

develop from activated B cells and secrete antibodies

35
Q

T lymphocytes

A

forms in thymus, wbc: cell mediated immunity

36
Q

cytotoxic T cells

A

directly destroy cells carrying the antigen

37
Q

Helper T cells

A

activate B and T cells, control specific immune response

38
Q

memory T cells

A

remember antigen and quickly stimulate immune response on reexposure

39
Q

natural killer cells

A

a type of white blood cell that can kill tumor cells and virus-infected cells; an important component of innate immunity

40
Q

nosocomial infection

A

hospital acquired infection (10-15% of patients)

41
Q

direct contact transmission

A

touching a lesion, sexual activity, infected blood or secretions

42
Q

indirect contact transmission

A

involves object or organsim; contaminated food or hand

43
Q

droplet transmission

A

respiratory or saliva secretions expelled from infected individual

44
Q

aerosol transmission

A

involves small particles from respiratory tract that can travel far because they are suspended in the air

45
Q

vector-borne transmission

A

insect or animal in an intermediate host

46
Q

wbc

A

(white blood cells) leukocytes, cells fight infections by attacking bacteria, viruses, and germs that invade the body. White blood cells originate in the bone marrow

47
Q

phagocytosis

A

cleans up debris and engulfs antigens and presents them for immune response

48
Q

where do B lymphocytes form

A

the bone marrow

49
Q

where do T lymphocytes form

50
Q

What immunoglobin is present earliest during primary exposure to a specific antigen?

  • IgG
  • IgM
  • IgA
  • IgE
51
Q

What are T memory cells for…

  • form antibodies
  • kill antigens
  • stop the immune response when no longer needed
  • recognize an antigen from a previous encounter
A

recognize an antigen from a previous encounter

52
Q

Which of the following blood types can a person with type O receive? (select all that apply)

  • a
  • b
  • ab
  • o
53
Q

Which blood types can a person with type A blood receive? (can be multiple)

  • a
  • b
  • ab
  • o
54
Q

Which type of sensitivity occurs if a person has SLE?

  • type 1
  • type 2
  • type 3
  • type 4
55
Q

Antibodies are the same as immunoglobulins? T/F?

56
Q

What microorganism causes AIDS?

  • Pneumocystis fungus
  • Human Immune Virus
  • AIDS bacteria
  • HIV bacteria
A

human immune virus

57
Q

which of the following are symptoms of SLE? (select all that apply)

  • arthritis
  • seizures
  • anaphylaxis
  • renal disorders
A
  • arthritis
  • seizures
  • renal disorders
58
Q

antibodies can destroy antigens by causing them to clump. What is the correct term for this?

  • precipitation
  • agglutination
  • opsonization
  • antigen presenting
A

-agglutination

59
Q

the kinds of immunity that protects a baby for a short amount of time after birth is..

  • humoral immunity
  • natural active immunity
  • artificial passive immunity
  • natural passive immunity
A

natural passive immunity

60
Q

which type of hypersensitivity involves IgG combining with the antigen to form an immune complex that destroys tissue?

  • Type 1
  • Type 2
  • Type 3
  • Type 5
61
Q

B cells are a part of the cell-mediated immune system. T/F?

62
Q

A patient has been stung by a bee and has swollen lips. Which kind of hypersensitivity is this?

  • Type 1
  • Type 2
  • Type 3
  • Type 4
63
Q

What kind of immunity does someone get if they had chickenpox?

  • natural active
  • natural passive
  • cell mediated immunity
  • natural immunity
A

natural active immunity

64
Q

HIV is considered a prolonged latent virus. This means..

  • There can be long periods of infection before the disease appears
  • HIV is very deadly and has no cure
  • HIV uses retrovirus to insert itself into our DNA
  • There is a short period of time between HIV and a positive ELISA test
A

there can be long periods of infection before the disease appears

65
Q

What target of hypersensitivity causes a persons tolerance to his/her own antigens to break down?

  • alloimmunity
  • allergic reaction
  • autoimmunity
  • antigenicity
A

autoimmunity

66
Q

a child is stung by a bee and developed hives. Which immunoglobulin is responsible for this allergic response?

  • IgM
  • IgA
  • IgG
  • IgE
67
Q

What is the name of the cell that assists in humoral immunity and stimulates antibody production?

  • MHC
  • B cells
  • T cells
  • Mast cells
68
Q

What microorganisms must work within the cell’s environment?

  • Virus
  • Parasite
  • Fungus
  • Bacteria
69
Q

What kind of T cell discontinues the immune response?

  • cytotoxic
  • helper
  • memory
  • supressor
70
Q

What immunoglobulin dominates the secondary immune response?

  • IgA
  • IgM
  • IgG
  • IgE
71
Q 
Which is associated with cell-mediated immunity?
~B-lymphocytes
~T-lymphocytes
~Antibodies
~Plasma cells
A

T-lymphocytes

72
Q

Receiving an anti-venom (antiserum) when experiencing a venomous snake bite is artificial passive immunity. T/F?

73
Q

The immune system is the…

  • First defense
  • Second defense
  • Third defense
A

Third defense

74
Q

The skin is the…

  • First defense
  • Second defense
  • Third defense
A

First defense

75
Q

The process of inflammation is..

  • first defense
  • second defense
  • third defense
A

Second defense

76
Q

Antibodies… (can select multiple)

  • help determine blood type
  • play a role in immunity
  • have two kinds: self and non-self
  • come into the cell to cause an infection
A
  • Help determine blood type
  • Play a role in immunity
  • Have two kinds: self and non-self
77
Q

The immune defense system is characterized by two of the following.. (can select multiple)

  • specificity
  • memory
  • immunology
  • antigens
A
  • specificity

- memory

78
Q

Antigen-presenting cells are also known as…

  • memory T-cells
  • helper T-cells
  • B-cells
  • Dendritic cells
A

dendritic cells

79
Q

Type 1 hypersensitivity is…

  • where an antigen is present on the cell membrane EX incompatible blood
  • where an antigen and antibody combine and form inflammatory complexes
  • allergic reactions
  • a delayed response by T-lymphocytes EX:TB test sensitivity
A

allergic reactions

80
Q

Type 2 hypersensitivity is…

  • where an antigen is present on the cell membrane EX incompatible blood
  • where an antigen and antibody combine and form inflammatory complexes
  • allergic reactions
  • a delayed response by T-lymphocytes EX TB test sensitivity
A

Where an antigen is present on the cell membrane. EX: incompatible blood

81
Q

Type 3 hypersensitivity is…

  • where an antigen is present on the cell membrane EX incompatible blood
  • where an antigen and antibody combine and form inflammatory complexes
  • allergic reactions
  • a delayed response by T-lymphocytes EX TB test sensitivity
A

Where an antigen and antibody combine and form inflammatory complexes

82
Q

Type 4 hypersensitivity is…

  • where an antigen is present on the cell membrane EX incompatible blood
  • where an antigen and antibody combine and form inflammatory complexes
  • allergic reactions
  • a delayed response by T-lymphocytes EX TB test sensitivity
A

a delayed response by T-Lymphocytes EX TB test sensitivity

83
Q

Which of the following is NOT a mode of transmission

  • contact
  • direct
  • indirect
  • vector
84
Q

Which of the following is NOT a diagnostic test we talked about?

  • culture and staining techniques
  • blood tests
  • immunologic testing of body fluids
  • skin tests

Pathophysiology (7 decks)

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