Immune/HIV Flashcards
stimulates immune response
Antigen
Protein that is produced in response to antigen
Antibody
Present @ birth; first line of defense
Innate native immunity
Local manifestations of inflammatory response
Redness heat pain swelling loss of function
If WBC less than 5,000
leukopenia
More than 11,000
leukocytosis
systemic inflammatory response
Increased WBC "shift to the left" Malaise Nausea/anorexia Increased pulse & RR Fever
when the person is exposed to a live pathogen, develops the disease, and becomes immune as a result of the primary immune response
natural active immunity
can be induced by a vaccine, a substance that contains the antigen
artificial active immunity
mother to fetus
natural passive immunity
short term immunization by injection of antibodies, such as gamma globulins, that are not produced by the recipient’s cell; immediate protection
Artificially passive immunity
HIV can occur during
pregnancy
Immune problems start when CD4+ T-cell counts drop
<500 cells
Severe problems develop when
<200 CD4+ T cells
Normal cell ranges
800-1200
Acute infection
mono like symptoms 2-4weeks after infection Fever Swollen lymph nodes sore throat headache malaise nausea HIGHLY INFECTIOUS
the interval between untreated HIV infection and a diagnosis of AIDS.
Asymptomatic infection
Symptomatic infection the CD4 cells decline closer to
200 cells
Symptoms become worse
Symptomatic infection
Shingles
Persistent vaginial candida infection
Herpes
Bacterial infections
Diagnostics for HIV
ELISA & Western Blot
then test viral load
AIDs is characterized by:
Severe immune system suppression and CD4+ T-cell counts < 200 cells/μL
•An opportunistic infection
The most useful screening tests for HIV are those that detect
HIV specific antibodies
CD4 normal range
800-1200
Abnormal blood tests can be caused by
decreased WBC–especially lymphopenia & neutropenia
Low platelet counts
Anemia
The lower the what the less active the disease
viral load
a marker for immune function
CD4 cell count
Assessment @ risk pts what to ask
Shared needles, syringes, or other injection equipment with another person?
•Had a sexual experience with your penis, vagina, rectum, or mouth in contact with these areas of another person?
•Had a sexually transmitted infection (STI)?
Prevention of HIV
Decreasing risks: Sexual intercourse
- Abstinence
- safe sex
- Use of barriers
- Male and female condoms have 100% efficacy and are more than 90% effective.
- Decreasing risks: Drug use
- Do not use drugs.
- Do not share equipment.
- Do not have sexual intercourse under the influence of any impairing substance.
- Decreasing risks: Perinatal transmission
- Family planning
- Prevent HIV in women.
- Appropriately medicate HIV-infected pregnant women.
delaying disease progression
nutritional support to maintain lean body mass and ensure appropriate levels of vitamins and micronutrients
•(2) moderation or elimination of alcohol, tobacco, and drug use
•(3) keeping up to date with recommended vaccines
•(4) getting adequate rest and exercise
•(5) reducing stress
•(6) avoiding exposure to new infectious agents
•(7) accessing mental health counseling
•(8) getting involved in support groups and community activities
•(9) developing a consistent relationship with health care providers, including attendance at regular appointments.
ART side effects
Diarrhea
Fatigue
Body image disturbances
HIV teaching points
proper hand hygiene
Avoid crowds
avoid any poorly sanitized conditions
avoid raw foods
Losing 10% of weight
wasting syndrome
HIV assessment: what to focus on
signs of infection
Resp: pneumonia
Skin
GI: nutrition status
