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Med Surg Exam 3 > Immune/HIV > Flashcards

Immune/HIV Flashcards

1
Q

stimulates immune response

A

Antigen

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2
Q

Protein that is produced in response to antigen

A

Antibody

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3
Q

Present @ birth; first line of defense

A

Innate native immunity

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4
Q

Local manifestations of inflammatory response

A 
Redness
heat 
pain
swelling
loss of function
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5
Q

If WBC less than 5,000

A

leukopenia

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6
Q

More than 11,000

A

leukocytosis

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7
Q

systemic inflammatory response

A 
Increased WBC "shift to the left" 
Malaise
Nausea/anorexia
Increased pulse & RR
Fever
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8
Q

when the person is exposed to a live pathogen, develops the disease, and becomes immune as a result of the primary immune response

A

natural active immunity

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9
Q

can be induced by a vaccine, a substance that contains the antigen

A

artificial active immunity

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10
Q

mother to fetus

A

natural passive immunity

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11
Q

short term immunization by injection of antibodies, such as gamma globulins, that are not produced by the recipient’s cell; immediate protection

A

Artificially passive immunity

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12
Q

HIV can occur during

A

pregnancy

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13
Q

Immune problems start when CD4+ T-cell counts drop

A

<500 cells

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14
Q

Severe problems develop when

A

<200 CD4+ T cells

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15
Q

Normal cell ranges

A

800-1200

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16
Q

Acute infection

A 
mono like symptoms
2-4weeks after infection
Fever
Swollen lymph nodes
sore throat
headache 
malaise nausea 
HIGHLY INFECTIOUS
17
Q

the interval between untreated HIV infection and a diagnosis of AIDS.

A

Asymptomatic infection

18
Q

Symptomatic infection the CD4 cells decline closer to

A

200 cells

Symptoms become worse

19
Q

Symptomatic infection

A

Shingles
Persistent vaginial candida infection
Herpes
Bacterial infections

20
Q

Diagnostics for HIV

A

ELISA & Western Blot

then test viral load

21
Q

AIDs is characterized by:

A

Severe immune system suppression and CD4+ T-cell counts < 200 cells/μL
•An opportunistic infection

22
Q

The most useful screening tests for HIV are those that detect

A

HIV specific antibodies

23
Q

CD4 normal range

A

800-1200

24
Q

Abnormal blood tests can be caused by

A

decreased WBC–especially lymphopenia & neutropenia
Low platelet counts
Anemia

25
Q

The lower the what the less active the disease

A

viral load

26
Q

a marker for immune function

A

CD4 cell count

27
Q

Assessment @ risk pts what to ask

A

Shared needles, syringes, or other injection equipment with another person?
•Had a sexual experience with your penis, vagina, rectum, or mouth in contact with these areas of another person?
•Had a sexually transmitted infection (STI)?

28
Q

Prevention of HIV

A

Decreasing risks: Sexual intercourse

  • Abstinence
  • safe sex
  • Use of barriers
  • Male and female condoms have 100% efficacy and are more than 90% effective.
  • Decreasing risks: Drug use
  • Do not use drugs.
  • Do not share equipment.
  • Do not have sexual intercourse under the influence of any impairing substance.
  • Decreasing risks: Perinatal transmission
  • Family planning
  • Prevent HIV in women.
  • Appropriately medicate HIV-infected pregnant women.
29
Q

delaying disease progression

A

nutritional support to maintain lean body mass and ensure appropriate levels of vitamins and micronutrients
•(2) moderation or elimination of alcohol, tobacco, and drug use
•(3) keeping up to date with recommended vaccines
•(4) getting adequate rest and exercise
•(5) reducing stress
•(6) avoiding exposure to new infectious agents
•(7) accessing mental health counseling
•(8) getting involved in support groups and community activities
•(9) developing a consistent relationship with health care providers, including attendance at regular appointments.

30
Q

ART side effects

A

Diarrhea
Fatigue
Body image disturbances

31
Q

HIV teaching points

A

proper hand hygiene
Avoid crowds
avoid any poorly sanitized conditions
avoid raw foods

32
Q

Losing 10% of weight

A

wasting syndrome

33
Q

HIV assessment: what to focus on

A

signs of infection
Resp: pneumonia
Skin
GI: nutrition status

Med Surg Exam 3 (9 decks)

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