immune function Flashcards
leukocytes in response to exercise
number in circulating blood increase, due to neutrophillia and lymphocytosis
for brief exercise <1 hour what does leukocytosis depend on
dependant on intensity, not durbstion, brief exhaustive exercise doubling leukocyte number
immediate leukocytosis
consists of neutrophils and lymphocytes
delayed leukocytosis
some recovery in leukocyte number, second increase 2-4 hours later
sorry due to neutrophil number, lymphocyte levels below baseline
due to ingress of immature neutrophils that released from bone marrow
innate immune system
naturally and immediately
first line of defence
cells of innate immune system
phagocytes: neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages
natural killer cells
both responsive to exercise
what percentage of neutrophils make up leukocytes
70
life span of neutrophils
5-6 days in blood, 2-3 days in tissue
functions of neutrophils
chemotaxis - circulation into tissue
phagocytosis - engulf particle
degranulation and oxidative respiratory burst - kills cell
spontaneous neutrophil degranulation
not stimulated with LPS, exercise itself causes it
bacterial stimulation of neutrophil degranulation
stimulated with LPS not influenced by exercise
percentage of leukocytes made up by monocytes
5-15%
lifespan of monocytes
1-3 days in flood
function of monocytes
phagocytosis
release of cytokines - tell immune cells what to do
Antigen Presenting Cells
dendritic cell
specialised antigen presenting cell
what percentage of lymphocytes made up by NK cells
5-20%
functions of NK cells
destroy virally infected, tumour cells spontaneously
release performin and activate apoptosis
most responsive immune cells to exercise, NK cell increases immediately following exercise, high number of adrenaline receptors on surface
acute exercise NK cell and cytotoxic activity
increases in proportion to intensity and duration
prolonged intense exercise NK cell and cytotoxic activity
decrease below baseline values for serval hours
changed in NK cell number and function associated with what
hormonal changes, adrenaline, cortisol, growth hormone and beta-endorphins
endurance training NK cell and cytotoxic activity
increase but may decrease with intensified training
two main arms of acquired arm of immune system
cell mediated - replicate inside of cells, arms natural killer cells, t-cells
humoral - outside of cells, bacteria, activate lymphocytes
total lymphocyte count in response to exercise
significant change
causes decline in lymphocyte 2 hours post exercise
drops in natural killer and CD8 T cells
what happens 4-8 hours post exercise, T cell number
change in CD4+ T cells
increase in eosinophils
role for T2 humoral immune response - airway inflammation
T cell proliferation
cells are replictaed
t cell proliferation exercise longer than 60 mins
suppressed, moderate to high intensity exercise
Mucosal Immune System
largest immune network, defends respiratory, mouth, eyes, reproductive tract, intestine from infection
first line of defende
what makes up mucosal immune system
mucosal associated lymphoid tissues
most collected mucosal secretion
saliva, secretory immunoglobulin SIGA being majorly effector function produced
SIGA works
protects mucosal surfaces, pathogen adherence, virus netrolization, excretion of immune complexes
acute exercise and SIGA
acute high intensity exercise, decrease in salivary SiGA cocnetration, recovers to resting levels within one hour of exercise completion
however some studies report no change, could be down to how it’s collected and is reported
collection for SIGA
stimulated, unstimulated, drool or swab
reporting SIGA
concentration, secretion rate, absolute or relative
SigA value of less than 40% of healthy value indicate
50% chance of being ill within 3 weeks
