Immune Dysfunction

Question 1

autoimmune disorders

Answer 1

are chronic conditions that develop from the immune system attacking healthy self-tissues that should normally be left alone.

Question 2

diabetes

Answer 2

type1: diabetes in which no beta-cell production of insulin occurs and the patient is dependent on insulin for survival
- frequent urination, unusual thirst; extreme hunger; unusual weigh loss; extreme fatigue irritability
- insulin injections and diet management

Question 3

multiple sclerosis

Answer 3

• myelin sheath destruction, disruptions in nerve impulse conduction
• visual disturbances, weakness, fatigue, loss of muscular control and speech disturbances
• focused on alleviation of symptoms, avoidance of conditions that hasten progression of disease; avoid emotional stress, viral infections, eat a healthy diet, get adequate sleep
  drugs that interfere with immune response, subdue MS during relapses, slow progression- Interferon B.

Question 4

Crohn’s disease

Answer 4

• Chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract
• abdominal pain(RLQ), diarrhoea, cramping pains after meals. client usually decreases food intake causing weight loss, malnutrition and anaemia
• Anti-inflammatory steroids and immunosuppressants

Question 5

rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 5

• chronic systemic disease characterised by autoimmune inflammatory changes in the connective tissue throughout the body
• Pain in joints, restricted movement, stiffness, weakness
  RK- being female, family history, advancing age and smoking
• aspirin, NSAID, physical therapy and steroids

Question 6

what is primary and secondary immunodeficiency diseases

Answer 6

• result from some genetic or development defect- develop in infants and young children
• loss of immune functioning as a result of an illness or treatment e.g. HIV AND AIDS

Question 7

SCID( severe combined immunodeficiency)

Answer 7

• is inherited disorder in which both T cells and B cells are absent or inactive
• frequent coughs colds and infections in first few months of life-absent thymic shadow on x-ray small tonsils

Question 8

what is chemotherapy immunodeficiency and organ transplant rejection

Answer 8

• immune system less able to protect against pathogens due to chemotherapy
• when the immune system thinks an organ transplant is a foreign invader because it has different antigens and attacks it. Patients must take immunosuppressants to prevent this, this reduced the production of white blood cells.

Question 9

what are allergies, asthma and the treatment

Answer 9

• the immune system overreacts, which cause the symptoms associated with allergic reactions
• primarily involve overactive components of the innate immune system. Inflammation of the diameter of trachea and bronchioles and overproduction of mucus
• bronchodilators and corticosteroids.

Question 10

anaphylaxis and the treatment

Answer 10

• severe allergic reaction that causes airways to tighten and blood vessels to leak
  1. secure airway
  2. give Supp. O2
  3. Epinephrine
  4. Antihistamine

Question 11

dermatitis and the treatment

Answer 11

• inflammation of the skin
• based on cause, corticosteroid creams, oral steroids