Immune Deficiency Disorders

Question 1

the body’s specific protective response to invading foreign agents

Answer 1

Immunity

Question 2

Where do T and B cells maturate from?

Answer 2

Bone marrow

Question 3

Where is lymphoid tissue found?

Answer 3

Spleen and lymph nodes

Question 4

What are the functions of the immune system?

Answer 4

Remove foreign antigens like viruses and bacteria
Maintain homeostasis

Question 5

What are the components of the immune system?

Answer 5

Bone marrow and lymphoid tissue

Question 6

A nonspecific immune response to any foreign invader that provokes an inflammatory response and release of cell mediators like histamine and bradykinin

Answer 6

natural immunity

Question 7

A specific reaction against a foreign antigen that can be active or passive

Answer 7

acquired immunity

Question 8

Type of acquired immunity that is developed by the person’s own body after exposure to the antigen

Answer 8

Active

Question 9

Type of temporary immunity that is transferred from a source outside of the body

Answer 9

Passive

Question 10

Examples of passive immunity

Answer 10

Breastfeeding or immunization

Question 11

What are the s/s of a primary immune deficiency disorder?

Answer 11

The body is unable to develop normal immune responses
Failure to thrive
Unusual infections

Question 12

What does PIDD mean?

Answer 12

Primary immune deficiency disorders

Question 13

How are PIDDs managed?

Answer 13

Meticulous infection control/hand hygiene
Monitor for early signs of infections
Teach pt and caregivers to give meds at home

Question 14

What medications are given for PIDDs?

Answer 14

IVIG and SCIG to replace and provide functional antibodies

Question 15

What cells does HIV target?

Answer 15

Cells with CD4 receptors such T lymphocytes, monocytes, dendritic cells, and brain microglia

Question 16

What body fluids are capable of transmitting HIV?

Answer 16

Blood and blood products
Seminal fluid
Vaginal secretions
Mother to child - amniotic fluid and breast milk

Question 17

Bleach can be used to clean dirty needles and syringes to prevent HIV transmission? True or False

Answer 17

True

Question 18

How can HIV transmission be avoided?

Answer 18

Condoms (latex)
Be aware of status
Safe needle use
Artificial insemination
Refraining from breastfeeding
Antiretroviral therapy

Question 19

Antiretroviral medications should be started within how many hours of HIV expsoure?

Answer 19

72 hrs

Question 20

What is the treatment for post HIV exposure in healthcare workers?

Answer 20

2-3 drugs for 28 days

Question 21

How often should post HIV exposure testing occur?

Answer 21

6 weeks
12 weeks
6 months

Question 22

What are the 5 stages of HIV?

Answer 22

0, 1, 2, 3, unknown

Question 23

What stages of HIV are based on the CD4 count?

Answer 23

1, 2, 3

Question 24

Earliest stage of HIV infection that is inferred from lab testing

Answer 24

Stage 0

Question 25

Stage of HIV known as 'primary' or 'acute'

Answer 25

Stage 1

Question 26

Stage of HIV characterized by the period of infection to the development of HIV-specific antibodies with a dramatic drop of CD4 cells 500-1500

Answer 26

Stage 1

Question 27

Stage of HIV with CD4 counts 500-1500

Answer 27

Stage 1

Question 28

Stage of HIV where CD4 counts are 200-499

Answer 28

Stage 2

Question 29

Stage of HIV where CD4 count drops below 200 and patient is now considered to have AIDS

Answer 29

Stage 3

Question 30

Stage of HIV in which there is no information on CD4 count or percentage

Answer 30

Unknown stage

Question 31

Which stage of HIV is typically asymptomatic or may exhibit early stages of a skin rash or fatigue?

Answer 31

Stage 1

Question 32

Describe various manifestations of HIV

Answer 32

**night sweats, weight loss, mouth ulcers Respiratory infections GI - loss of appetite, candidiasis, wasting syndrome Cancers - kaposi sarcoma, lymphomas Neuro - depression, apathy Integumentary - herpes, dermatitis Gynecologic- ulcers, candidiasis, PID, menstrual abnormalities

Question 33

ART =

Answer 33

Antiretroviral therapy

Question 34

What are the goals of ART?

Answer 34

Suppress HIV replication Reduce morbidity and mortality Restore and preserve immune function Suppress viral load Prevent transmission

Question 35

What are some ART side effects?

Answer 35

Hepatotoxicity Nephrotoxicity Osteopenia Fat deposits Increased risk of CVD Insulin resistance

Question 36

What are some goals for the PWLHA?

Answer 36

Improved nutrition status - mouth sores, fatigue Increased socialization and expression of grief Increased knowledge of disease and transmission Avoid complications

Question 37

How is HIV/AIDS managed?

Answer 37

1. Improve nutrition - monitor dietary intake, weight, serum albumin, supplements 2. Decrease isolation - assess social interaction, identify resources, observe for isolating behaviors 3. Assist with grief coping 4. Improve knowledge of transmission 5. Monitor and manage complications - medication s/e, HAND, body image changes

Question 38

What is HAND?

Answer 38

HIV Associated Neuro Disorders such as encephalopathy

Question 39

How is HAND treated?

Answer 39

By switching ART