DKA and HHS Flashcards
Functions of insulin
Transports and metabolizes glucose for energy
Signals the liver to stop release of glucose
Enhances storage of dietary fat in adipose tissue
Accelerates transport of amino acids into cells
Inhibits the breakdown of stored glucose, protein and fat
Type of diabetes in which insulin producing beta cells in the pancreas are destroyed by combination of genetic, immunologic, and environmental factors
Type 1 diabetes
What does type 1 diabetes result in?
Decreased insulin production, unchecked glucose production in the liver and fasting hyperglycemia
Type of diabetes which creates insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion
Type 2 diabetes
Manifestations of diabetes
polyuria
polyphagia
polydipsia
fatigue
weakness
vision changes
numbness in hands or feet
dry skin
slow healing
Manifestations specific to type 1 diabetes
sudden weight loss
nausea
vomiting
abdominal pain
Acute complications of diabetes
DKA
HHS
Hypoglycemia
HHS stands for
hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome
An absence or inadequate amount of insulin that results in abnormal metabolism of carbs, proteins, and fat
DKA
What are the s/s of DKA
Extreme hyperglycemia (treat 2nd)
Dehydration (treat 1st)
Acidosis (treat 3rd)
Kussmauls
Ketones in blood and urine
How is DKA assessed?
Blood glucose levels
Low bicarb, low pH, low CO2
UA
Labs - H&H, BUN, Cr
F&E
I&O
How is DKA managed?
- Fluid replacement
- IV regular insulin *2 nurse check
- Reverse acidosis
Restore electrolyte balance
Monitor ECG due to K+ shifts
Q 15 min VS
most cases of DKA are seen in what type of diabetes?
Type 1
The major electrolyte of concern during treatment of DKA is
potassium
Factors affecting potassium during DKA treatment
Rehydration decreasing concentration
Insulin moving potassium inside cells
