Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

*MCD Immunology Y1* > Immune Cells and Organs > Flashcards

Immune Cells and Organs Flashcards

ft. her majesty the spleen

1
Q

What is a primary lymphoid organ?

A

Organ where lymphocytes are produced by lymphopoiesis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the primary lymphoid organs?

A

Thymus and bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a secondary lymphoid organ?

A

Where lymphocytes interact with antigens and each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Name 3 secondary lymphoid organs

A

Her Majesty the Spleen

…Lymph nodes
Mucosal associated lymphoid tissues (MALT)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe the structure of the thymus

A

2 Lobes divided into lobules by septums

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the thymus packed with?

A

Maturing/proliferating T-lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the change in the thymus during infection?

A

No obvious changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does thymic output change with age?

A

Output of NEW T cells decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the change in the bone marrow during infection?

A

Increased white cell production

Visible change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the sites of haematopoiesis in a foetus?

A

All bones, liver and spleeeeen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the sites of Haematopoiesis in an adult?

A

Flat and large bones (No liver and spleen)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the primary function of Lymph nodes?

A

To filter antigens present in the lymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How does lymph enter and leave a lymph node?

A

Through the afferent (many) leaves through the efferent (one)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the cells present on the outside of a lymph node?

A

B cells in follicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What happens to the B cells in the nodes when an immune response is in progress?

A

They proliferate and produce antibodies in the germinal centres of the node

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where are the T cells in a lymph node?

A

Further in from B cells, closer to the medullary sinus.

They tend to be closer to the sinuses than b cells

17
Q

What changes are seen in lymph nodes during an immune response?

A

Enlargement

18
Q

What other cells are present in the lymph nodes, and what do they do?

A

Macrophages engulf passing through pathogens

19
Q

What is a high endothelial venule?

A

Specialised area of artery with thick endothelium that causes T/B cells to leave circulation and enter lymph node.

20
Q

Does the spleen have High endothelial venules (HEVs)?

A

Nope, just lymph nodes

21
Q

What is the purpose of Her majesty the Spleen?

A

To filter antigens present in blood

22
Q

What is the spleen comprised of?

A

Red pulp: Erythrocytes present

White pulp: Lymphocytes present

23
Q

What are the 3 parts of the white pulp of the spleen, and which cells do they contain?

A

Primary follicles: B-cells
Periarterial Lymphatic Sheath (PALS): Surrounds arteries contains T-cells.
Marginal zone: Between white pulp and red

24
Q

Describe the immune system in the villi of the Gut

A

Interepithelial cells present on villi. Contains lymphatic drainage to mesenteric lymph nodes.

25
Q

What is beneath the specialised mucosal epithelium in the gut?

A

Payer’s Patches - Contain large aggregates of lymphocytes/follicles which drain to mesenteric lymph nodes

26
Q

What is the function of the specialised mucosal epithelium in the gut?

A

Contains microfold cells which sample antigens in the gut to pass to the payer’s patch to allow for surveillance.

27
Q

Describe the immune system in the skin

A 
Cutaneous immune system contains intraepidermal lymphocytes that drain through epidermal lymph vessels.
Epidermal langerhans (dendritic cells) capture and present antigens and migrate to lymph nodes
28
Q

Describe the recirculation of lymphocytes

A

Naïve lymphocytes produced in primary tissues, enter blood and circulate between blood and secondary tissues until reaction or death

29
Q

What is Extravasation of T cells?

A

The migration of naïve T-cells from blood into lymph vessels

30
Q

Describe the process of Extravasation of T-cells

A
  1. Naïve T cells roll along the endothelium until they reach the HEV.
  2. Selectin on the T cell binds to endothelial CD34 (weakly)
  3. Chemokines on the HEV bind to receptors on T cell, causing T-cell’s integrin to become high affinity binding form.
  4. Intergrin binds to Intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) immobilising the T cell, so it can move into the tissue.
31
Q

What are clusters of differentiation?

A

Internationally recognised systematic nomenclature for cell surface markers that differentiate between haematopoietic cells

32
Q

What are lymphocytes?

A

Small cells, w/ agranular cytoplasm and large nucleus.

33
Q

Which cells are antigen presenting cells?

A

B-cells
Dendrite cells
Activated macrophages

*MCD Immunology Y1* (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions