Immune Cells

Question 1

Danger Molecules

Answer 1

• Danger molecules - PAMPS (pathgen-associated molecular patterns) OR DAMPS (damage-associated molecular patterns) trigger cells
  
  • Cells have receptors for PAMPs and DAMPs (toll-like receptors)
  • Active receptors trigger transcription factors —> cytokine production
  • Cytokines then bind immune cells to activate them OR act as chemokines

Question 2

Effectors (3)

Answer 2

• Phagocytes come and engulf/destroy pathogens
• Chemokines attract other cells to area
• Granuloma - 2+ macrophages working together

Question 3

Complement

Answer 3

• system of serum proteins and cell surface proteins that can also become activated and interact to generate effectors for both innate and adaptive immune response

Question 4

Types of Innate Cells (6)

Answer 4

• Neutrophils - abundant in blood then phagocytosis at sites of infection
• Monocytes- pass in blood then turn into macrophages once in tissues ; also phagocytes
• Eosinophils- involved in parasite immunity and allergies
• Basophils- similar to mast cells; basic granules; seen in allergies
• Immature Dendritic Cells - pass in blood then enter tissues to mature into antigen presenting cells (lymphoid or myeloid-like)
• Natural Killer Cells- major role in tumors and viruses; lymphoid origin but no specific rearranged antigen receptors

Question 5

Types of Adaptive Immune Cells (3)

Answer 5

• B Cells - antibodies on surface; differentiate into plasma cells if antigen exposure
• Plasma Cells- pass through blood form lymph node to bone marrow and secrete large amounts of antibody
• T Cells- have surface receptors for protein antigens that are presented to them by dendritic cells