Immune Cells Flashcards
What are the two types of immunity?
- innate immunity
- adaptive (acquired) immunity
What is innate immunity?
A non-specific, rapid response to pathogens.
What is adaptive immunity? Other name?
Adaptive immunity = Aquired immunity
A specific, slow and highly effective response to pathogens.
Inflammations are part of what form of immunity?
innate immunity
What helps to limit the amount of infections apart from innate and adaptive immunity?
physical barriers eg. skin
What are the main cells present in innate immunity?
- neutrophils
- macrophages:
- eosinophils
- basophils
- monocytes
- dendritic cells
- mast cells
- natural killer cells
What are the main cells present in adaptive immunity?
Lymphocytes:
- B-cells
- T-cells
- Natural Killer cells
What cell applies to both innate and adaptive immunity?
NK cell
What is the medical term used for cells of the immune system?
leukocytes
What are neutrophils? Function? Life-span?
- the first line of defense (infantry unit)
function:
- phagocytosis;
- activation of other immune cells
lifespan:
- short-lived cells
- die after consuming a pathogen
What happens to neutrophils after they preform phagocytosis?
Cells die after consuming a pathogen, forming concentration of pus at the site of infection.
What is the most abundant type of leukocyte?
neutrophil
What are macrophages? Function? Life-span?
- second line of defense (tank unit)
functions:
- phagocytosis,
- immune response control (prouce chemicals that supress/enhance the immune response),
- tissue repair,
- antigen presentation
life span:
- long-lived cells
- capacity to engulf huge number of pathogens without dying
What are the different types of macrophages?
- monocytes
- macrophages
Macrophages have different names and roles
depending on location:
– Kupffer cells in the liver
– Microglial cells in the brain
– Osteoclast cells in the bone tissue
What are eosinophils? Function? Life-span?
- special type of destructive power (heavy tanks!)
function:
- releasing high quantity
of destructive chemicals for parasitic worm
elimination
- release granules on the pathogen surface that phagocytize the organism from the outside
What are basophils? Function? Life-span?
- similar to macrophages
- unclear function
- contribute to the development of allergic reactions
- unknown paracytic worm function
What are the immature macrophages circulating within the bloodstream called?
monocytes
What do monocytes transform into upon entering the infected tissue?
macrophages
What is the name of the macrophages located in the liver?
Kupffer cells
What is the name of the macrophages located in the brain?
Microglial cells
What is the name of the macrophages located in the bone?
Osteoclasts
What are dendritic cells? What group of cells do they belong to? Function? Life-span?
- scout the organism for invading pathogens (scouts)
- belong to groups of cells called sentinel
cells and antigen-presenting cells
functions:
- pathogen detection,
- antigen presentation for other cells
- constantly scout the organism
- detect pathogen, engulf it, + present antigens
- call for additional cells (neutrophils)
What are NK cells? Function? Life-span?
- NK (Natural Killer) cell (hitman)
- destroy infected and cancerous cells
- react and destroy cells that are abnormal or are infected (usually by viruses)
