immune cells

Question 1

macrophages

Answer 1

tissue resident immune cells (phagocytes) they reside and are specalized to the specific tissue they are in they are usually the first to encounter a pathogen theres 2 types of macrophage m1 inflamatory and m2 anti inflamatory and clean up macrophages

Question 2

neutrophil

Answer 2

the most abundant immune cell (phagocyte) making up to around 60% of immune cells in the blood stream they dont reside in tissues they go around the blood eliminating pathogens in the blood stream and waiting for chemokines/chemotaxis so they can migrate to tissues to respond to an infection there kore inflamatory and more potent phagocytes then macrophages there role is more simpiler

Question 3

natural killer cell

Answer 3

they check cell to cell to see if its infected by a virus or pathogen or thrned into cancer by checking three things does it express a display window? mhc class molecules? how many damaged associated molecule patterns (damps) does it express too much damp expression means its ether being infected too streessed or cancerous if any of these variables are checked the nk cell will eliminate it it doesnt rely on a more targetted approach baded kn proteins like t cells there mechanism of killing is the same realase chemicamd that inititate apoptosis i the cell

Question 4

mast cells

Answer 4

uses ige antibodies to more properly bind to pathogens it releases histamine which increases blood vessel widening mucos and congestion too much histamin is associated with allergies/allergic reactions they also share a high affinity igE receptor they reside in tissue

Question 5

dendretic cell

Answer 5

specalaized phagocytes there job is to take a pathogen a couple and then display its proteins kn there mhc class 1 molecule to activate helper t cells

Question 6

helper t cell

Answer 6

the first activated cell of the adaptive immune respomse it activates b cells and helps support and boost the innate immune cell

Question 7

killer t cell

Answer 7

hunts down cancerous cells or ones infected by a pathogen it checks this by checking the proteins it display on its mhc class 2 molecules

Question 8

b cells

Answer 8

part of the adaptive immune system differentiate into plasma cells and they produce around 2000 antibodies a second wach antibody binds to a specific epitope on said protein either neutralizing the patjogen shutting down protein fjnctiom or opinizing it

Question 9

basophils

Answer 9

very similar to mast cells they both are involved in allergic resctions they both share a high affinity ige receptor which binds to ige antibodies think of basophils as the neutrophils (circulating in the blood waiting to respond to inflamation around the body and die quickly) and mast cells as the macrophages that reside in tissues and last for months

Question 10

eosinophils

Answer 10

they release proteins enzymes ie granulas that destroy parasites they also make sure inflamation continues in the late stage for a bit

Question 11

monocytes

Answer 11

they circulate in the blood waiting to respond to inflamation where they go to the site of injury maybe in the blood or tissues and differentiate into macrophages