Immune cells

Question 1

what Myeloid derived cells have receptors for IgE, what gene is active when they express these receptors

Answer 1

Eosinophils, Mast cells, and Basophils

Question 2

What percentage of blood are neutrophil’s, Eosinophils, and basophils

Answer 2

30%, 1-3%, and Less than 1 % respectively

Question 3

What granulocytes are involved in the allergic immune response

Answer 3

Eosinophils basophils and mast cells

Question 4

How does our homie Eosinophil help regulate an allergic response

Answer 4

With the release of histaminases and inhibitory molecules for basophils and mast cells

Question 5

who’s the main culprit in allergic disease

Answer 5

Mast cells

Question 6

What are the two types of granules found in neutrophils

Answer 6

Specific granules with lysozymes, collagenase, elastases and azurophilic granules with myeloperoxidases, cathelisides, Defensins

Question 7

I am found inside the neutrophil, and contain lysozymes, collagenase, and elastases ready to deploy when needed

Answer 7

specific granules

Question 8

Who are the very first responders and present a fast response to chemotaxis

Answer 8

Neutrophils and Macrophages

Question 9

How is a macrophage involved in both innate and adaptive immunity

Answer 9

Through antigen presentation and phagocytosis

Question 10

what’s special about the macrophage membrane

Answer 10

cytoplasmic protrusions known as Pseudopodia that form thanks to motile nature(movement of actin filaments in cytoplasm)

Question 11

who releases IL-10 and TGF-B, and what do they do

Answer 11

Macrophages when activated supplying and anti-inflammatory response and other regulatory signals

Question 12

signal for initiation of the inflammatory, pyrogenic, vasodilation and chemotactic response in infections, who creates it and what a-is it

Answer 12

IL-1, IL-6, TNF alpha

Question 13

What des IL-12 and 8 promote (who secretes it, when, and in what type of immune response(innate or adaptive))

Answer 13

Activation of CD4 T lymphocytes and stimulation of gamma interferon release by NK cells

Question 14

What 5 things do macrophages produce when activated, also say if they are secreted in an innate response or linked to an adaptive response

Answer 14

IL1, 6 and TNF alpha. Growth factors. IL-10 TNF beta Innate…… IL-12,8. Chemokines.
adaptive

Question 15

What is formed when a macrophage phagocytes a sneaky motherfucker?

Answer 15

A phagosome then phagolysosome (endosome fuses with lysosome and pathogen is digested), this is followed by presentation of antigens on surface thro HLA, and secretion of debris

Question 16

What is the MHC complex called in humans, what’s it used for

Answer 16

HLA, used in antigen presentation for T and B cell activation

Question 17

What are the major antigen presenting cells in the body

Answer 17

Dendritic cells and macrophages

Question 18

Two types of Dendritic cells, do they all originate from bone marrow

Answer 18

Classical DC formed in bone marrow and Follicular DC’s form in lymphatic follicles

Question 19

What type of HLA is expressed by Classic Dendritic C’s?

Answer 19

HLA type 1 and 2

Question 20

What dendritic cell shows antigens to B lymphocytes, and T lymphocytes?

Answer 20

B—Follicular dendritic cells T—-classical dendritic cells

Question 21

How are platelets involved in an immune response?

Answer 21

The are involved in tissue regeneration and response via chemotaxis

Question 22

What’s special about lymphocyte size and cytoplasm?

Answer 22

Small sized cells with very little cytoplasm due to enlarged nucleus

Question 23

What happens when a lymphocyte makes contact with antigen, in terms of size, and general type of lymphocyte.

Answer 23

The become larger(almost duplicate in size) begin to proliferate and differentiate into respective mature types

Question 24

Where are Lymphocytes produced

Answer 24

bone marrow

Question 25

what two types of substances are found in NK cell granules and what are they?

Answer 25

Perforins-produce pores on cells and Granzymes

Question 26

Can NK cells phagocyte?

Answer 26

No the cannot

Question 27

What changes in b cell membrane after differentiation into a plasma cell

Answer 27

The now lack membrane antibodies as receptors

Question 28

What locations are b plasma cells placed in

Answer 28

Effector Response locations

Question 29

what does a b plasma cell have a lot of and why (within cytoplasm)

Answer 29

ER and Golgi to maximize antibody production

Question 30

T-B cooperation

Answer 30

This refers to the integration Th cells have with B cells activating their differentiation into plasma cells and memory cells. They do this with the release of the necessary cytokines

Question 31

what do t cells differentiate into? who of these is responsible for activating B cells and Cytotoxic T cells

Answer 31

Effector t cells (helper t cells) CD4 CD3 TCR-2 alpha beta

Question 32

75 % of lymphocytes

Answer 32

T lymphocytes

Question 33

What percentage of lymphocytes is made up by B cells, and NK cells? and Lymphocytes as a whole?

Answer 33

B cells around 5-15% NK cells around 10-15% and lymphocytes as a whole about 20-40%

Question 34

Can t cells recognize soluble antigens?

Answer 34

No, only b cells can do this

Question 35

What’s the characteristic marker of t cells, What other receptors can the have

Answer 35

CD3, then in we have CD3 TcR1 cells, and CD3 tcr2 cells that include cd4 helper t cells and cd8 cytotoxic t cells

Question 36

percentage of TcR-1 gamma delta and TcR-2 alpha beta t cells

Answer 36

TcR1-less than 5 and TcR2 90%

Question 37

what are the main two antibodies that serve as receptors on B cells?

Answer 37

IgM’s and IgDs (also known BCR´s)

Question 38

where do NK cells originate

Answer 38

Bone marrow

Question 39

what two main things do NK cells do

Answer 39

Attack and kill virus infected cells through Th1 response, also can attack tumour cells

Question 40

What type of adaptive immunity do NK cells carry out (Th1 or Th2)

Answer 40

TH1