immune

Question 1

The first line of defense

Answer 1

• External:
  – Skin
• Oily
• Acidic
  – Mucous membranes
• Digestive
• Respiratory
• Reproductive
  – Eyes
• Lysozyme
• Tears

Question 2

The second line includes innate defenses (nonspecific cells,
molecules, mechanisms)

Answer 2

• Defensive
  molecules
  – Interferon,
  – Complement
  – Toll-like receptors
  on macrophages
  cause cytokine
  release
• Cells:
  – Natural Killer Cells,
  – Neutrophils,
  macrophages, et al
• Processes
  – Inflammation

Question 3

The inflammatory response is the hallmark of
the innate defenses

Answer 3

• Vasodilation
  – Rubor, tumor,
  calor et dolor
  – loss of function
• Chemotaxis
• Destruction of
  Bacteria
• Tissue Repair

Question 4

chemotaxis

Answer 4

chemical signals cause immune cells to go to sites of infection and injury

Question 5

membrane phospholipids

Answer 5

• Fatty acid
  .arachidonic acid is derived from it
• Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, et al
  promote inflammation
• Arthritis, etc
• Inhibited by:
  – Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
• Cortisone
  – Non-steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
  (NSAIDs)
• Aspirin
• COX1 & COX2 Inhibitor
• Cox-2 only Inhibitors
  – Celebrex, Vioxx

Question 6

mhc 1

Answer 6

The MHC 1 marker identifies the cell as belonging within the body and allows for specific immune responses

-all nucleated cells in humans

Question 7

mhc 2

Answer 7

The primary function of MHC-II is to activate and regulate the immune response by presenting antigens to helper T cells, which then coordinate the immune response.

macrophages, B and T cells, a few others

Question 8

The specific immune response is antigen-driven

Answer 8

• Helper T cell activation
• B cell and Cytotoxic-T cell
  activation
• Clonal expansion
• Memory cell production
• Antibody production
• Cytotoxic response

Question 9

The specific immune response involves three main sets of activities:

Answer 9

Activation: Recognition of antigens by immune cells and the subsequent activation of helper T cells, B cells, and cytotoxic T cells.

Cloning: Proliferation and differentiation of activated immune cells to increase their numbers and produce effector cells.

Memory: Creation of memory cells that provide long-term immunity and enable a rapid and robust response to future encounters with the same antigen.

Question 10

Immunodeficiencies

Answer 10

make the body vulnerable to rare infections HIV/AIDS