IMMS

Question 1

What is the anatomical position?

Answer 1

Standing erect with feet flat on the floor under the hip joints.
Straight back with eyes facing forward.
Arms by the side with forearms and palms facing forward.
Eyes focused on the horizon.

Question 2

What is the coronal plane?

Answer 2

A plane that passes through the body at right angle to the sagittal planes and divides the body into front and back.

Question 3

What does medial mean?

Answer 3

Closer to the sagittal plane. [closer to the centre of the body]

Question 4

What are the three tissue types of joints?

Answer 4

Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial.

Question 5

What does proximal mean?

Answer 5

Closer to the starting point.

Question 6

What is meant by abduction?

Answer 6

movement away from the midline. e.g. for fingers it is the movement away from the middle finger.

Question 7

What are the characteristics of a saddle joint?

Answer 7

Articular surfaces that are concave and convex. Two axes of movement. Permits flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and circumduction.

Question 8

What is meant by the axial plane?

Answer 8

The plane that divides the body into top and bottom components.

Question 9

What is meant by opposition?

Answer 9

It is a specialist movement of the thumb where the thumb is rotated to allow it to touch the little finger. The thumb opposes the little finger.

Question 10

What are the characteristics of a condyloid joint?

Answer 10

Similar to saddle with movement in two axis but one is usually restricted.
Permits flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and circumduction.

Question 11

What is meant by superior?

Answer 11

Above.

Question 12

What is meant by supine?

Answer 12

This is a variation of the anatomical position where the body is lying flat on the back.

Question 13

What is meant by protraction?

Answer 13

To move forwards, such as the jaw moving forward at the temporomandibular joints.

Question 14

What are the characteristics of plane joints?

Answer 14

Articular surfaces are flat. The joint capsules are tight. Sliding movements in planes of articular surface.

Question 15

what is the sagittal plane?

Answer 15

Vertical planes passing longitudinally through the body dividing it into right and left.

Question 16

What is meant by Ipsilateral?

Answer 16

The same side of the body. [e.g. right arm and right leg]

Question 17

What are the characteristics of a ball and socket joint?

Answer 17

Spherical and concave articular surfaces.
Multiple axes of movement.
Permits flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and circumduction and rotation.

Question 18

What is meant by Flexion?

Answer 18

flexion is a verb meaning to bend. For any joint if it becomes more bent this is also flexion.

Question 19

What is the first cervical vertebra called?

Answer 19

The Atlas.

Question 20

What are the characteristics of hinge joints?

Answer 20

they only permit flexion and extension.

Question 21

If something was described as lateral and inferior what would that mean?

Answer 21

It is further from the sagittal plane and also below.

Question 22

What is special about the first two cervical vertebra?

Answer 22

The atlas has no vertebral body so it has fused with C2- the axis. The odontoid peg sits behind the anterior arch of the atlas and is held in position with a cruciate ligament. This accounts for the rotation of the neck and head.

Question 23

What is meant by lateral flexion?

Answer 23

This is when the movement of the trunk takes place at the intervertebral discs. The upper body bends to one side.

Question 24

How many lumbar vertebra are there?

Answer 24

5

Question 25

What is inversion?

Answer 25

When the sole of the faces inwards to the other foot.

Question 26

What are the two components of the sacral curve?

Answer 26

Sacrum and the coccygeal vertebrae

Question 27

How do the vertebrae articulate between each other? [2 ways]

Answer 27

Through two types of joint. Synovial and cartilaginous.