IMMS Flashcards
Where is the site of glycolysis
Cytosol of mitochondria
Where is the site of the krebs cycle
the matrix of the mitochondria
where is the site of the electron transport chain
cristae of mitochondria
site of chemiosmosis?
cristae of mitochondria
what is the relevance of the inner membrane of mitochondria in ATP synthesis
The inner membrane has ATP synthase embedded in it. H+ from ETC moving out of it produces ATP
What is chemiosmosis
the movement of ions across a semipermeable membrane, down their electrochemical gradient (example: movement of H+ through ATP synthase)
what occurs in the cytosol of the mitochondria
glycolysis
what occurs in the matrix of mitochondria
kreb’s cycle
what occurs in cristae of mitochondria
electron transport chain and chemiosmosis
Function of mitochondria
Site of respiration and energy generation in form of ATP
Function of ribosomes
site of protein synthesis
Rough ER function
Synthesis and processing of proteins (it is a network of branching sacs with ribosomes attached)
Smooth ER function
lipid synthesis (contains enzymes)
Function of golgi apparatus
processing and packaging of proteins (especially those that need to be exported from the cell) and lipids
function of cytoskeleton
to provide structural support and the movement of materials
Types and sizes of cytoskeleton protein elements
Smallest: microfilaments (actin) - ~ 5 or 6nm
Mid: Intermediate filaments (e.g. desmin, nuclear laminin, vimentin, keratin) - ~10nm
Biggest: Microtubules - ~25nm
Peroxisomes function
Fatty acid and ethanol oxidation, contains catalase (converts 2 hydrogen peroxides to 2 waters + 1 oxygen - like in potato experiment)
Lysosomes
Contains acid hydrolases for digestion and recycling
What is lipofuscin
yellow-brown ‘wear and tear’ pigment granules made from lipid-containing residues of lysosomal digestion or from the peroxidation of lipids.
how can lipids be stored
in adipocytes as triglycerides
in cell membranes
in lipoproteins (High density and low density)
where is glycogen stored
In adult of around 70kg:
~100 - 120g in liver
~400g in skeletal muscle
Functions of cell membrane
- it is a partially permeable membrane
- regulates what goes in and out of cell
- site of membrane receptors
- acts as barrier: separates intracellular from extracellular