Immobility and the Ageing Process

Question 1

what is sarcopenia

Answer 1

age related loss of muscle mass and strength/function

Question 2

what is the criteria for sarcopenia

Answer 2

1. Low muscle mass
2. Low muscle strength
3. Low physical performance

Question 3

what is sarcopenic obesity

Answer 3

loss of muscle mass with increased fat

Question 4

what are interventions

Answer 4

exercise

reduce sedentary time

Question 5

what is human ageing essentially

Answer 5

Random molecular damage during cell replication

Inactivity, poor diet, inflammation increases this damage

Reduction in body’s adaptive reserve capacity (resilience)

Question 6

what does damage cause - 4 main cellular responses

Answer 6

Repair
Apoptosis
Senescence
Malignant transformation

Question 7

what is frailty

Answer 7

Loss of homeostasis and resilience

Increased vulnerability to decompensation after a stressor event

Increases risk of falls, delirium, disability, death

Question 8

how is frailty scored

Answer 8

1 point each for:

• Unintentional weight loss
• Low grip strength
• Self-reported exhaustion
• Low physical activity levels
• Slow walking speed

Question 9

what are the categories of frailty depending on your score

Answer 9

0 = non-frail
1-2 = pre-frail
3 or more = frail