Immigrants, Refugees and the Acculturation Process

Question 1

Acculturation

Answer 1

experiences and changes that groups and individuals undergo when they come in contact with a different culture.

Question 2

Immigrants

Answer 2

People who move to another country voluntarily. Decision can take, weeks, months, years, which allows for the people to prepare for the move and the acculturation process.

Question 3

Refugees

Answer 3

People who are forced to move from their homelands because of war or political oppression. The decision for the move is quick, which does not allow people to prepare for the move or the acculturation process.

Question 4

Acculturative Stress

Answer 4

Feelings of tension and anxiety caused by the inability to adapt in the new country.

Question 5

John Berry

Answer 5

Father of research on acculturation

Question 6

What statuses are in Berry’s model of Acculturation?

Answer 6

1. Assimilationist
2. Seperationist
3. Marginalist
4. Integrationist

Question 7

Assimilationist

Answer 7

An individual who blends in completely w/ the host society, taking on the values of the host society, and rejecting his or her values

Question 8

Seperationist

Answer 8

Individual who ID’s w/ their original culture of origin and rejects all of the hosts countries values and beliefs

Question 9

Marginalist

Answer 9

Individual who does not identify with either of the host country or id of origin values & beliefs

Question 10

Integrationist

Answer 10

• An individual who combines (integrates) their own culture and the host culture
• Thought of to be the most successful in integrating with the host country

Question 11

Acculturated

Answer 11

Competent in host culture, but maintains own culture as more essential

Question 12

Laframboise & Associates’ Model of Acculturation

Answer 12

1. Assimilation
2. Acculturated
3. Fusion
4. Alternation
5. Multicultural

Question 13

Assimilation in Laframboise & Associates’ Model

Answer 13

Absorption in the dominant culture

Question 14

Acculturated

Answer 14

Competence in 2nd culture w/o complete acceptance

Question 15

Fusion

Answer 15

Combining culture of origin with host culture, almost creating a new culture

Question 16

Alternation

Answer 16

• Regards both culture as equal
• The process of alternating btwn one’s culture of origin and the host culture depending on what the context demands
• Looked as the optimal one
• Equivalent to integrationist in Berry’s model

Question 17

Multicultural

Answer 17

People with distinct identities joined together within a social structure, cooperate with each other for the common good.

Question 18

Pre-migration period

Answer 18

time before migration

when acculturation process can begin to take place

Question 19

Migration period

Answer 19

Going to host country

Question 20

Post migration period

Answer 20

The period after settling into the host culture, when the stress of migration continues to be experiences and adjustment to the new culture takes place.

Question 21

Ecological fit/ecological context

Answer 21

The degree to which there is a match between the sociocultural environment in the migrants culture of origin and the country to which they are migrating.

Question 22

Microsystem

Answer 22

• Relationships amongst family members.

* Usually immediate family, or family who lives in the household.

Question 23

Mesosystem

Answer 23

•Extends relationships out the family, but is limited to school, extended family, workplace, and the community the individual lives in.

Question 24

Exosystem

Answer 24

• Major social institutions

* e.g: media, law, social media, the government

Question 25

Macrosystem

Answer 25

• Cultural norms & societal rules that determine the overall changes and interactions of the society in which we live in.

Question 26

What 4 factors may predict better adjustment?

Answer 26

1. Cultural difference: how much 2 cultures differ in their overall ways of life.
   •language: the closer one’s mother tongue is to english, the easier is is for them to learn english.
   • culture similarity: the more similar one’s heritage culture is to the host culture, the less acculturated stress they experience.
2. Culture fit: Degree to which one’s culture is similar to the culture they are coming into
3. Attitudes towards their heritage culture.
   • Assimilation
   • Seperation
   • Marginalization
   • Integration (Bi-cultural)
4. Host culture
   • Expressed prejudice - reduced motivation to integrate & increases barriers.
   • Values diversity - assimilation or integration could occur.