IMHA (Ngwenyama) Flashcards
What will the SPO2 of an anemic patient be?
100%, so not an accurate representation of oxygen delivery with anemia
What happens to old RBCs?
They are removed by mononuclear cells in the liver and spleen
Are spherocytes more likely with a dog or a cat with IMHA? Why?
Dog, cats have smaller RBCs so they don’t make spherocytes when they are being removed during IMHA
What type of hypersensitivity is IMHA?
Type II: development of antibodies that react against erythrocyte antigens
If the IMHA is mainly IgG, what type of hemolysis should we see?
Extravascular Hemolysis
If the IMHA is mainly IgM, what type of hemolysis should we see?
Intravascular Hemolysis
How is Primary IMHA different from secondary IMHA?
Primary is true autoantibodies made to target RBCs, secondary is an antibody made against something else but it cross reacts with the RBCs.
What triggers extravascular hemolysis for the spleen and liver monocytes to eat healthy RBCs?
Intracellular inclusions, Membrane coating with IgG (or IgM),
Which type of hemolysis is associated more with complement?
Intravascular hemolysis
What type of hemolysis do cats get more frequently?
Intravascular hemolysis
In which type of hemolysis do you get Hemoglobinemia and hemoglobinuria?
Intravascular hemolysis
What are some common causes of secondary IMHA?
Drugs, Neoplasia, Infectious disease, toxins, mechanical injury
What is the typical signalment for a dog with IMHA?
Middle aged (7 yr), Female, Spaniel in late spring?
Clinical signs?
Lethargy, anorexia, weakness, syncope, vomiting, pale mm, icterus, shock, fever (acute)
What are some signs in chronic IMHA?
Hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenomegaly, S3 gallop murmur, petechia, pigmenturia
