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CT > Imaging Procedures > Flashcards

Imaging Procedures Flashcards

1
Q 
Brain
Thin sections (2-5 mm) are acquired from \_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Then 5 -10 mm slices _______

A

Skull base through the posterior fossa

Through the vertex

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2
Q

Thin sections through the pf _______

A

Reduce beam-hardening artifact caused by the petrous pyramids

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3
Q

Windows to see gray/white matter of the brain

A

WL 35

WW 100

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4
Q

Window to see bone on brain

A

WL 400

WW 3000

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5
Q

Window to see hemorrhage/hematoma on brain

A

WL 75

WW 150

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6
Q

Window to see acute ischemia on brain

A

WL 35
WW 25
Variable, high contrast windowing improves the CT visualization of acute stroke

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7
Q

The pixel value, given in Hounsfield units (HU), at the center of the window width. Controls the brightness (density) of the CT image

A

Window level (WL)

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8
Q

The range of pixel values assigned a shade of gray in the displayed CT image. Controls the contrast of the CT image

A

Window width (WW)

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9
Q

When IV contrast should be used for the brain

A
  • arteriovenous malformation
  • suspected neoplasm
  • attention to the pituitary gland
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10
Q

High spatial frequency is what algorithm

A

Bone

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11
Q

Soft tissue window for orbits

A

WL 40

WW 400

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12
Q

Bone window for orbits

A

WL 400

WW 3000

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13
Q

Protocol for imaging the orbits

A

Axial
Thin slices (1-3 mm)
Parallel to the IOML

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14
Q

Protocol for imagining the sinuses/facial bones

A

Axial

Parallel to the hard palate

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15
Q

Soft tissue window for sinuses/facial bones

A

WL 40

WW 400

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16
Q

Bone window for sinuses/facial bones

A

WL 400

WW 3000

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17
Q

Vascular components of the circle of Willis

A
  • right and left anterior cerebral arteries
  • anterior communicating artery
  • right and left internal carotid arteries
  • right and left posterior cerebral arteries
  • right and left posterior communicating arteries
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18
Q

CTA brain protocol

A

Thin slices (.5-1.5 mm)
Helical
Caudocranial direction
From C2 to at least 1 cm above the dorsum sella.
(If 16 slice or greater machine-may extend through the vertex)

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19
Q

Dorsum sellae

A

Forms posterior wall of sella turcica, which houses the pituitary gland

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20
Q

Level of blood flow throughout brain tissue

A

Cerebral perfusion

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21
Q

Amount of blood (mL) contained within a 100-g volume of brain tissue.
Normal range is 4 to 5 mL/100g

A

Cerebral blood volume (CBV)

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22
Q

Amount of blood (mL) that moves through 100 g of brain tissue each minute.
Normal range in gray matter is 50 to 60 mL/100g/min

A

Cerebral blood flow (CBF)

CBF = CBV/
MTT

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23
Q

Average transit time (sec) for blood to pass through a given region of brain tissue

A

Mean transit time (MTT)

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24
Q

Primary indication for CTP (CT perfusion)

A

Evaluation of acute stroke

25
Q

Beyond repair by thrombolytic therapy.

CBV less than 2.5mL/100g

A

Brain tissue within infarct core

26
Q

Ischemic yet still viable tissue immediately surrounding the infarct core.
CBV is still greater than 2.5mL/100g

27
Q

Mathematical technique utilized for generation of perfusion maps

A

Deconvolution

28
Q

Soft tissue neck protocol

A

Helical axial plane

From superior orbital rim inferiorly through the king apex

29
Q

Soft tissue settings for soft tissue neck

A

WL 50

WW 400

30
Q

Bone setting for soft tissue neck

A

WL 300

WW 2000

31
Q

Lung parenchyma settings for a chest

A

WL -450

WW 1400

32
Q

Mediastinum settings for a chest

A

WL 40

WW 350

33
Q

Bone setting for a chest

A

WL 300

WW 2000

34
Q

Data acquired only when heart is at rest (diastole)

A

Prospective gating or triggering

35
Q

Only data acquired during diastole is used for reconstruction

A

Retrospective gating

36
Q

Ability of a CT system to freeze motion and provide an image free of blurring

A

Temporal resolution

37
Q

Portion of the cardiac cycle in which coronary artery motion velocity is slowest and cardiac motion is at its lowest

A

Ventricular diastole

38
Q

Soft tissue setting for abdomen

A

WL 40

WW 350

39
Q

Lung bases setting for abdomen

A

WL -450

WW 1400

40
Q

Bone setting for abdomen

A

WL 300

WW 2000

41
Q

Liver receives 75% of its supply from the ______ vein and the remaining 25% from the _______ artery

A

Portal vein

Hepatic artery

42
Q

Perks arterial enhancement.

25-35 sec after contrast administration

A

Arterial phase

43
Q

Peak hepatic parenchymal enhancement.

60-70 sec after contrast administration

A

Portal (or hepatic) venous phase

44
Q

Hepatic parenchymal enhancement dissipates and minimal difference in contrast enhancement between intravascular and extravascular spaces.
2-3 min after contrast administration

A

Equilibrium phase

45
Q

Optimal phase for angiographic applications of liver

A

Early arterial (15-20 sec)

46
Q

HU of unenhanced spleen

A

+40 to +60 HU

Approximately 10 HU less than unenhanced liver

47
Q

Imaging phase of spleen

A

Portal venous phase (60-70 sec)

48
Q

Phase of optimal pancreatic parenchymal enhancement

A

Delayed arterial phase (35-45 sec)

49
Q

Resection of the pancreas and duodenum

A

Whipple procedure

50
Q

Adrenal glad density (HU)

A

Similar to muscle (25-40 HU)

51
Q

Adrenal gland acquisition

A

Portal venous phase (69-70 sec)

Delayed (10-15 min) for tumor characterization

52
Q

Pre-contrast ROI measurement of less than 10 HU indicates

53
Q

Delayed post-contrast imaging, metastatic lesions of adrenal glands remain enhanced _______ than adrenal adenonas

54
Q

GI tract acquisition phase

A

Portal venous for optimal gastric and intestinal wall enhancement

55
Q

Soft tissue settings for spine

A

WL 50

WW 400

56
Q

Bone settings for spine

A

WL 300

WW 2000

57
Q

Soft tissue settings for extremities

A

WL 50

WW 400

58
Q

Bone settings for extremities

A

WL 300

WW 2000

59
Q

PET uses which pharmaceutical

A

Fludeoxyglucose F 18 (FDG)

CT (4 decks)

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