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Imaging Procedures Flashcards

1
Q 
Brain
Thin sections (2-5 mm) are acquired from \_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Then 5 -10 mm slices _______

A

Skull base through the posterior fossa

Through the vertex

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2
Q

Thin sections through the pf _______

A

Reduce beam-hardening artifact caused by the petrous pyramids

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3
Q

Windows to see gray/white matter of the brain

A

WL 35

WW 100

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4
Q

Window to see bone on brain

A

WL 400

WW 3000

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5
Q

Window to see hemorrhage/hematoma on brain

A

WL 75

WW 150

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6
Q

Window to see acute ischemia on brain

A

WL 35
WW 25
Variable, high contrast windowing improves the CT visualization of acute stroke

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7
Q

The pixel value, given in Hounsfield units (HU), at the center of the window width. Controls the brightness (density) of the CT image

A

Window level (WL)

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8
Q

The range of pixel values assigned a shade of gray in the displayed CT image. Controls the contrast of the CT image

A

Window width (WW)

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9
Q

When IV contrast should be used for the brain

A
  • arteriovenous malformation
  • suspected neoplasm
  • attention to the pituitary gland
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10
Q

High spatial frequency is what algorithm

A

Bone

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11
Q

Soft tissue window for orbits

A

WL 40

WW 400

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12
Q

Bone window for orbits

A

WL 400

WW 3000

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13
Q

Protocol for imaging the orbits

A

Axial
Thin slices (1-3 mm)
Parallel to the IOML

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14
Q

Protocol for imagining the sinuses/facial bones

A

Axial

Parallel to the hard palate

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15
Q

Soft tissue window for sinuses/facial bones

A

WL 40

WW 400

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16
Q

Bone window for sinuses/facial bones

A

WL 400

WW 3000

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17
Q

Vascular components of the circle of Willis

A
  • right and left anterior cerebral arteries
  • anterior communicating artery
  • right and left internal carotid arteries
  • right and left posterior cerebral arteries
  • right and left posterior communicating arteries
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18
Q

CTA brain protocol

A

Thin slices (.5-1.5 mm)
Helical
Caudocranial direction
From C2 to at least 1 cm above the dorsum sella.
(If 16 slice or greater machine-may extend through the vertex)

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19
Q

Dorsum sellae

A

Forms posterior wall of sella turcica, which houses the pituitary gland

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20
Q

Level of blood flow throughout brain tissue

A

Cerebral perfusion

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21
Q

Amount of blood (mL) contained within a 100-g volume of brain tissue.
Normal range is 4 to 5 mL/100g

A

Cerebral blood volume (CBV)

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22
Q

Amount of blood (mL) that moves through 100 g of brain tissue each minute.
Normal range in gray matter is 50 to 60 mL/100g/min

A

Cerebral blood flow (CBF)

CBF = CBV/
MTT

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23
Q

Average transit time (sec) for blood to pass through a given region of brain tissue

A

Mean transit time (MTT)

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24
Q

Primary indication for CTP (CT perfusion)

A

Evaluation of acute stroke

25
Beyond repair by thrombolytic therapy. | CBV less than 2.5mL/100g
Brain tissue within infarct core
26
Ischemic yet still viable tissue immediately surrounding the infarct core. CBV is still greater than 2.5mL/100g
Penumbra
27
Mathematical technique utilized for generation of perfusion maps
Deconvolution
28
Soft tissue neck protocol
Helical axial plane | From superior orbital rim inferiorly through the king apex
29
Soft tissue settings for soft tissue neck
WL 50 | WW 400
30
Bone setting for soft tissue neck
WL 300 | WW 2000
31
Lung parenchyma settings for a chest
WL -450 | WW 1400
32
Mediastinum settings for a chest
WL 40 | WW 350
33
Bone setting for a chest
WL 300 | WW 2000
34
Data acquired only when heart is at rest (diastole)
Prospective gating or triggering
35
Only data acquired during diastole is used for reconstruction
Retrospective gating
36
Ability of a CT system to freeze motion and provide an image free of blurring
Temporal resolution
37
Portion of the cardiac cycle in which coronary artery motion velocity is slowest and cardiac motion is at its lowest
Ventricular diastole
38
Soft tissue setting for abdomen
WL 40 | WW 350
39
Lung bases setting for abdomen
WL -450 | WW 1400
40
Bone setting for abdomen
WL 300 | WW 2000
41
Liver receives 75% of its supply from the ______ vein and the remaining 25% from the _______ artery
Portal vein | Hepatic artery
42
Perks arterial enhancement. | 25-35 sec after contrast administration
Arterial phase
43
Peak hepatic parenchymal enhancement. | 60-70 sec after contrast administration
Portal (or hepatic) venous phase
44
Hepatic parenchymal enhancement dissipates and minimal difference in contrast enhancement between intravascular and extravascular spaces. 2-3 min after contrast administration
Equilibrium phase
45
Optimal phase for angiographic applications of liver
Early arterial (15-20 sec)
46
HU of unenhanced spleen
+40 to +60 HU | Approximately 10 HU less than unenhanced liver
47
Imaging phase of spleen
Portal venous phase (60-70 sec)
48
Phase of optimal pancreatic parenchymal enhancement
Delayed arterial phase (35-45 sec)
49
Resection of the pancreas and duodenum
Whipple procedure
50
Adrenal glad density (HU)
Similar to muscle (25-40 HU)
51
Adrenal gland acquisition
Portal venous phase (69-70 sec) | Delayed (10-15 min) for tumor characterization
52
Pre-contrast ROI measurement of less than 10 HU indicates
Benign
53
Delayed post-contrast imaging, metastatic lesions of adrenal glands remain enhanced _______ than adrenal adenonas
Longer
54
GI tract acquisition phase
Portal venous for optimal gastric and intestinal wall enhancement
55
Soft tissue settings for spine
WL 50 | WW 400
56
Bone settings for spine
WL 300 | WW 2000
57
Soft tissue settings for extremities
WL 50 | WW 400
58
Bone settings for extremities
WL 300 | WW 2000
59
PET uses which pharmaceutical
Fludeoxyglucose F 18 (FDG)

CT (4 decks)

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