Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Urinary system > Imaging of the renal system > Flashcards

Imaging of the renal system Flashcards

1
Q

How long is each kidney?

A

10-12cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How much does each adult kidney weigh?

A

120-170g

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe renal blood flow in cc/min

A

Renal blood flow 1200 cc/min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

At what vertebral levels are the kidneys found?

A

They typically extend from T12 to L3, although the right kidney is often situated slightly lower due to the presence of the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How long are the ureters?

A

25-30 cm long

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the diameter of the ureters?

A

3-8mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where are the 3 constrictions of the ureter?

A

o PUJ
o Pelvic brim
o VU junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

From what part of the bladder does the ureteric and urethral orifices found?

A

trigone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When is renal imaging indicated?

A
  • Renal colic and renal stone disease
  • Diagnosis and follow up
  • Haematuria
  • Suspected renal mass
  • UTIs
  • Hypertension
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

List some imaging techniques used for renal disease

A 
Plain film – KUB x-ray
Contrast studies 
o	IVU 
o	Pyelography: antegrade, retrograde, ileal conduit
o	Cystography
Ultrasound +/- contrast
CT and CTU (computed tomography urography)
MR and MRU
Isotope scans
PET-CT
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

List the advantages and disadvantages of plain film xrays

A

Advantages
o Cheap and readily available
o Functional and anatomical information (intravenous urography, IVU)

Disadvantages
o Low sensitivity and specificity for urological diseases
o Radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

List some contrast studies used in renal investigations

A

Pyelography
Intravenous urography, IVU
Micturating cystourethrography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

List the advantages and disadvantages of ultrasound when investigating renal disease

A 
Advantages
o	Cheap and readily available
o	No radiation
o	Contrast is not nephrotoxic
o	Real time imaging
Disadvantages
o	Limited by body habitus and gas
o	Poor visualisation of ureters
o	Operator dependant
o	No functional information
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

List the advantages and disadvantages of CT when investigating renal disease

A

Advantages
o Currently the imaging modality of choice for detection of renal stones, staging renal tumours, investigation of haematuria
o Good spatial resolution with capability of multi planar reformat

Disadvantages
o	Radiation dose
o	Cost
o	Contrast resolution less than MR
o	Contrast reaction and nephrotoxicity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which imaging modality is the imaging of choice for detection of stones, staging of renal tumours and for investigating haematuria?

A

CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

List the advantages and disadvantages of MRI when investigating renal disease

A

Advantages
o Multiplanar imaging
o Excellent contrast resolution
o Imaging of urothelium without contrast injection (MRU)

Disadvantages
o Poor spatial resolution
o Poor detection of calcification and stones
o Cost
o Contraindications: pace maker, claustrophobia,etc
o Contrast reaction and other side effects

17
Q

What is MRU?

A

Magnetic resonance urography - uses dye alongside MRI to see functionality of renal system

18
Q

List 3 types of isotope scans used for renal disease

A

DMSA
o To look for renal scarring

MAG3
o Assess renal function and drainage

Bone scan
o Metastatic disease e.g. prostate cancer

19
Q

What is a DMSA isotope scan used for?

A

Looks for renal scarring

20
Q

What is a MAG3 isotope scan used for?

A

Assess renal function and drainage

21
Q

What is a bone scan used for in renal disease?

A

Metastatic disease e.g. prostate cancer

22
Q

What is PET-CT used for in renal disease?

A
  • Limited use in staging of urological malignancies due to high uptake in urine and variable uptake by tumours.
  • May be useful for extra-urological metastatic disease if other imaging modalities are equivocal or in poor surgical candidates
23
Q

What is the best imaging modality to diagnose renal tract stones?

a) Plain films
b) US
c) CT
d) MR
e) Pyelography

A

c) CT

24
Q

What imaging modality of choice in staging of renal tumours?

a) US
b) CT
c) MR
d) PET-CT

A

b) CT

25
Q

What is the least helpful imaging modality in assessment of patient with suspected renal artery stenosis?

a) CTA
b) MRA
c) US
d) Conventional angiography

A

c) US

Urinary system (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions