Imaging and Neurological PT Flashcards
What are the 5 D’s and 3 N’s?
D’s
1. Dizziness
2. Diplopia
3. Dysphagia
4. Dysarthria
5. Drop Attacks
And
6. HA- worst ever could be impending CVA
7. Ataxia
3 N’s
8. Nausea/vomiting
9. Nystagmus
10. Numbness/paresthesia’s (face/extremities)
White matter is made up of _______ and is unmyelinated/ or myelinated?
axons
myelinated
Which common neurological condition affects white matter in the brain?
MS (Multiple Sclerosis)
Grey matter is made up of _____ bodies/ _______ and is unmyelinated or myelinated?
cell; dendrites
unmyelinated
Fluids: CSF, blood, and edema show up on a _____ and _____
MRI/CT
If too little or too much fluid is flowing through the brain this could cause what condition?
hydrocephalus (intercranial pressure)
CT stands for what?
Computed Tomography
A CT is computerized image reconstruction of multiple _____ of _______ and cannot be detected on an Xray
slices; tissue
CT Pro’s?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
fast
can pick up some soft tissue structures
can be done w/ medial implants
good for cortical bone anatomy
multiplanar views
CT Con’s?
1.
2.
3.
expensive
HIGH radiation exposure
accuracy of soft tissue demonstration depends on unit
You should order a CT in _______ situations such as trauma or stroke alert!
emergent
Contraindiactions to MRI:
1.
2.
pacemaker
medial implant
How to read a CT:
________ plane slices: pt is supine, so ANT. surface is at the top of each image slice
Looking upward at the anatomic structures from below so your _____ is the patient’s _____
________ plane slices: viewed from left to right
Transverse
right; left
Sagittal
When reading a CT start with a ______ image first to orient which cross section you are in
Scout
What is A and B’s position on the brain?
A. ANT
B. POST
Understanding the areas of damage on the imaging will help you anticipate what the patient’s ______ may be
symptoms
What does MRI stand for?
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
A diagnosis of MS could be found on a CT or MRI better?
MRI
An _____ is a method of exposing tissues to magnetic field and radiofrequency waves to detect properties of tissues and thereby produce images
MRI
MRI Pro’s?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
GREAT for soft tissue
NO radiation exposure
multiplanar views
tissue characteristics are highly visible
GREAT accuracy
MRI Con’s?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Slow
NO medial implants
NO pacemaker
Expensive
Claustrophobia
Less signal in cortical bone
MRI prioritized?
- To confirm _____ of CT
- ____-______ situations
- Minimizing _____ ______
- Clearer image of _____ _____ necessary
diagnosis
non-mergent
radiation risk
soft tissues
Swelling/Effusion will show up how on:
CT: ?
T1- W MRI: ?
T2- W MRI?
CT: gray/dark/hypodense
T1: low signal density (DARK)
T2: high signal intesnity (BRIGHT)
Fat will show up how on:
CT: ?
T1- W MRI: ?
T2- W MRI ?
CT: dark/gray/black
T1: high signal intesnity (BRIGHT)
T2: intermediate signal intensity (GRAY)
With a T1 MRI, the fluid is _______
With a T2 MRI, the fluid is _______
dark
white
Is this a T1 or T2 image?
T1
Is this a T1 or T2 image?
T2
If you have a patient with S&S of a neurologic condition but the CT is negative, you should send them for an ______
MRI
If you find positive UMN signs in a non-emergent situation they may need an _______
MRI
CTA stands for what?
Computed tomography angiogram
A CTA helps to see ____ _______ to the brain
blood flow
With a CTA, it is a CT with _______ of dye for the purpose of viewing ______ supply
injection
blood
CTA Pro’s
1.
2.
3.
great view of blood supply
fast
great for finding AVM’s and aneurysms
CTA Con’s
1.
2.
3.
allergic to dye
radiation exposure
damage to kidney from dye
With a CTA you should look for _____ in blood flow
gaps
What is happening here on this CT scan?
gap in the R ICA and this person has probably already had a stroke
What does this CT scan indicate?
L sided tumor
What does this CT scan show?
Blood or dead tissue caused by ischemia
What does this CT image indicate?
Ischemia- blood is taking up space in the ventricles
Which is T1 and which is T2?
Left- T2: possible vertebral fx and spinal cord swelling
Right- T1: PLL disruption
What do you see on the CT scan?
Enlarged ventricles filling up with CSF
