Imaging Flashcards
Signs of thoracic aortic injury on xray
Loss of aortic knuckles Widening of mediastinum > 8cm at carina Apical capping Double aortic contour Widening of the paratracheal stripe Depression of left mainstem bronchus
Unstable c-spine injuries
Jefferson Bit Off A Hangman’s Tit
Jefferson fracture: burst C1 Bilateral facet joint dislocation Odontoid: 1-3 Atlanto occipital dislocation Hangman’s Teardrop: flexion and extension
Signs of tamponade on ECHO
Diastolic RV collapse
Systolic RA collapse (earliest sign)
Plethoric IVC with minimal resp variation - highly sensitive
Swinging heart sign
NEXUS criteria
Validated in children:
(Canadian C spine not validated in < 16)
N: neurological deficit S: spinal tenderness A: altered mental state I: intoxication D: distracting injury
Signs of PE on ECHO
McConnells sign - RV wall hypokinesia
Bowing of the interventricular septum
Dilated RV
US appearance of pneumothorax
No lung sliding
No B lines (vertical short path reverberation artefacts)
- normally created by alveolar and interstitial fluid or fibrosis
Increased A line clarity (horizontal artifactual lines deep to pleural surface)
Lung point
Pneumonia on US
Increased B lines from fluid filled alveoli.
Hepatization of the lung
- appears solid
- homogenous echotexture similar to liver
Shred sign
- irregular consolidation/air interface
Air bronchograms
Associated pleural effusion
Colour Doppler
- flow remains (differentiates from infarction)
Pulmonary oedema on US
B lines
- vertical echogenic short path reverberations.
- interrupt A lines
- more than 3 B lines in a single view is pathological
- occasional B lines are normal
- cardiogenic and non-cardiogenic look the same
- interstitial thickening due to fibrosis appears similar
Pleural effusions
ECHO
