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Clin Med Exam 3 (Lauren) > Imaging > Flashcards

Imaging Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name for the “growth plate” in a child’s bone

A

Physis

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2
Q

What is T2 MRI best for assessing?

A

Fluid assessment/soft tissue injuries

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3
Q

What would you use ultrasound for in orthopedics?

A

Infants

Soft tissue conditions in adults

Guided assistance for injections, biopsies, etc

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4
Q

Why do kids get incomplete fractures

A

Their periosteum is thicker and more durable which prevents displacement

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5
Q

If a bone is in more than one piece and it’s all over the place what type of fracture

A

Comminuted

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6
Q

Is x ray good for injuries that are exclusively soft tissue

A

No

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7
Q

Bone scans are very sensitive for skeletal pathology, but are they specific?

A

No

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8
Q

How long does an MRI take

A

45 min

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9
Q

How do we describe the degree of a bone translation or displacement ?

A

Percentage of how far offset it is

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10
Q

What is a precaution you must take with x-ray and CT?

A

Radiation exposure. Don’t want to expose pt to any unnecessary radiation

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11
Q

How many body parts can be visualized with a single MRI

A

One

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12
Q

What is an axial slice?

A

A horizontal slice that dives superior and inferior

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13
Q

Who gets incomplete fractures?

A

Pediatric patients only**

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14
Q

Are bone scans good for pregnant women and children?

A

No. Radioactive

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15
Q

What do claustrophobic patients think about MRIs?

A

Do not like

Use sedation, or possibly an “Open” MRI machine

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16
Q

What type of salter:

Growth plate is crushed

A

Type 5

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17
Q

Why do you have to ask the pt if they’ve ever worked as a metal filer before their MRI?>

A

Foreign bodies in the eye will rip right out

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18
Q

What imaging type has the most sensitivity in the early detection of bone marrow conditions, stress fractures, osteomyelitis, and malignancy?

A

MRI

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19
Q

What are the contrast mediums used in CT?

A

Iodine-materials

Barium

Air

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20
Q

What is the least common salter Harris fracture

A

Type 5

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21
Q

What contrast mediums are typically used in MRI

A

Gadolinium-based contrast dye

Less likely to bother pts than iodine-based used in CT

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22
Q

What is T1 best for assessing?

A

Anatomical assessment

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23
Q

What is it called when bones are completely displaced and also overlapping

A

Bayoneted

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24
Q

What is a coronal slice?

A

A longitudinal slice that divide anterior and posterior

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25
Q

What population is ultrasound really good for looking at MSK?

A

Babies because their bones are unossified ***

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26
Q

Is bowing a type of fracture

A

Yes

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27
Q

Does MRI have radiation

A

No, it is a magnetic field

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28
Q

What are the 4 parts of a pediatric long bone?

A

Diaphysis (shaft)

Metaphysis

Physis (growth plate)

Epiphysis (end)

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29
Q

What is the first line imaging modality that is ordered prior to considering more advanced imaging

A

X-ray

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30
Q

Which has more severe “artifact:”

CT or MRI?

A

MRI

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31
Q

How long does CT scan take?

A

5-10 min

32
Q

Do bone scans give false negatives?

A

No!

If it’s not there, it’s not there

33
Q

Are metal products always a contraindication for MRI?

A

Not always, as there are MRI safe implants, but you need to be careful

34
Q

What are indication for bone scan/nuclear scintigraphy?

A

Osteomyelitis

Metastasis

Bone tumors

Occult fractures

35
Q

What imaging modality is ideal for soft tissue pathology while still good for bone pathology?

A

MRI

36
Q

What is the minimum number of views necessary with x-ray?

A

2

“One view is no view”

37
Q

Can CT create 3D images?

A

Yes

38
Q

What is the limit on pt weight for CT scan?

A

300-400 lbs

39
Q

What do you inject before doing nuclear scintigraphy (bone scan)?

A

A tracer

Radioisotope bound to phosphate

40
Q

What is meant by an articulate extension?

A

The fracture line goes into the joint

41
Q

What is a concern with the contrast dye used in CT?

A

Some people are allergic to the iodine

Other people’s kidneys cant handle it

42
Q

What type of salter:
Through growth plate and metaphysis
(Not through epiphyssi)

A

Type 2

43
Q

What type of salter:

Fracture goes through metaphysis, growth plate, and epiphysis

A

Type 4

44
Q

What is a “pulse sequence” on an MRI

A

The “setting” of T1 or T2, etc

45
Q

Which piece of the bone do we talk about when we are describing its angulation or displacement?

A

The distal piece

46
Q

In ultrasound, what frequency of sound waves indicates a solid mass?

A

High

47
Q

What is bright on a T1 MRI/

A

Fat

Gadolinium

(Fluid is dark)

48
Q

Can ultrasound measure motion?

A

Yes

49
Q

What is the most common type of salter Harris fracture

A

Type 2

50
Q

What type of fracture:
Bowing

Buckle/torus

Greenstick

A

Incomplete

51
Q

What is bright on a T2 MRI?

A

Fat (unless you add “fat saturation”)

Fluid

52
Q

What are some concerning features you might see on imaging that might make you think of malignancy

A

Indistinct margins

Soft tissue involvement

Abnormal periosteal reaction

Rapid growth

Pathological fracture

53
Q

Is CT good for a pregnant woman

A

No, you don’t want this much radiation on the baby

54
Q

What can infection look like on x ray

A

Anything

55
Q

What is a Sagittal plane/

A

A longitudinal slice that divides right and left

56
Q

What are the two parts of adult long bones?

A

Diaphysis (shaft)

Metaphysis

57
Q

What is an occult fracture

A

Very small one

58
Q

Can CT help you see stages of bone healing?

A

Yes

59
Q

Is ultrasound great for evaluating bone?

A

No, minimal use

60
Q

What is one of the biggest limitations to ultrasound?

A

The skills of the provider

61
Q

Do we classify adult fractures on the Salter-Harris scale?

A

No, only for skeletally immature patients

62
Q

What 2 things are unique to pediatric periosteum?

A

Metabolically more active

Thicker and more durable

63
Q

What grade of salter:

Fracture goes through growth plate and epiphysis

(Not through metaphysis)

A

Type 3

64
Q

Do oral steroids help bones heal

A

No, big risk for malunion of fracture

65
Q

What type of imaging is used as a “problem solving tool rather than an initial screening tool?”

A

MRI

66
Q

What grade of salter:

Fracture goes straight across the growth plate

A

Type 1

67
Q

What type of fracture:
Transverse

Oblique

Spiral

Allusion

Comminuted

A

Complete

68
Q

When looking at an axial CT, what view are you getting?***

A

Looking from the patient’s feet toward their head***

69
Q

Where do compression fractures usually happen?

A

The spine

70
Q

If a pt has lots of metal in area to be imaged, is CT a good choice?

A

No, metal can cause “flare”

71
Q

What is really important to find out about the patient before discussing their X-ray?

A

Age
Gender
Mechanism of injury
How long ago injury happened

72
Q

Which would be better to visualize on an x ray: muscle strain or ligament tear?

A

Ligament tear because you can see how the soft tissue affected the bone

73
Q

What does nuclear scintigraphy/bone scan show you?

A

Metabolically active bone areas

74
Q

What is the initial diagnostic modality for MSK complaints?

A

X ray

75
Q

How are angulations of bone fragments described?

A

In degrees

Clin Med Exam 3 (Lauren) (7 decks)

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