Imaginative geographies - Siberia: Empire and Nation-Building

Question 1

Arcticness: Power and Voice from the North

Arcticness: an Arctic identity?
* Arcticness is ambiguous
* It also is increasingly commodified and sells
* It is also for the outside spectator
* We need to interrogate not only what is Artic, but also who claims to be so
* It cannot be easily defined

Answer 1

Kelman (2017)

Question 2

Arcticness: in the making of the beholder

Vague notion of ‘Arcticness’ is appearing throughout academic and political discourse
* Not just Arctic states but also non- and sub-Arctic states claiming the label/proximity
* Some Arctic players reinforcing outside immages to sell the Arctic
* A8 legitimise their Arcticness based on security, sovereignty, environmental protection, development and governance - so it means different things with unique starting points

‘Arcticness is becoming what actors make of it’

Answer 2

Duda (2017)

Question 3

Imperial eyes: travel writing and transculturation

Traveller-as-hero
Tendency of the C19 traveller to describe, measure and quantify

Answer 3

Pratt (2008)

Question 4

Gender and polar studies

Poles commonly construed as a proving ground of colonial masculinity and too dangerous for women who have largely been excluded
But women have lived in the Arctic for thousands of years

Answer 4

Rosner (2009)

Question 5

At the intersection of Arctic indigenous governance and extraction

Comparing IP governance institutions across Canada, Greenland and Scandinavia.
Relations/strategies vary considerably and depend on the degree and jurisdiction of the Indigenous self-governing authority.

Answer 5

Kuokannen (2019)

Question 6

Expansion and colonialism on the eastern frontier

Unlike maritime European empires, the idea of Russian empire is basedd on a single unbroken landmass of continental proportions.
* Occurred thorugh incorporation of adjacent borderlands in a steady process of physical aggrandisemenet
* Expansion did not occur due to inherent tendency but because of mercantilist interests

Answer 6

Bassin (1998)

Question 7

Mythic Arctic representations in cinema

Analysis of Territoriia, a Russian film from the 2000s devoted to the Russian Arctic.
Geologists undergo an arduous journey to find gold in the 1950s.
The landscape reproduces a particular envt of scientific male heroism that produces space, wiping the dark history of Soviet political violence from the landscape in a form of ‘Arctic amnesia’

Answer 7

Rosenholm (2021)

Question 8

Russian imperial gaze in late C19 travelogues

Analysis of early period just before Soviet Arctic expansion through travel accounts

Answer 8

Klapuri (2021)

Question 9

Soviet female experts in the polar regions

Answer 9

Kalemeneva & Lajus (2018)

Question 10

Indigenous women in traditional economies: the case of Sami reindeer herding

Answer 10

Kuokkanen (2009)

Question 11

Human-permafrost entanglements and science-indigenous encounters in northeast Siberia

Answer 11

Ulturgasheva (2022)