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Path Quiz 2 > images/histology - julia > Flashcards

images/histology - julia Flashcards

1
Q
A
  • bacterial endocarditis
  • little irregular blue things = inflammatory cells
  • bottom right corner = fibrin
  • smudgy blue material = masses of bacteria
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1
Q
A
  • liver with malaria
  • breakdown products of Hb in Kupfer cells
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2
Q
A
  • inflammation in appendicitis
  • way too many cells throughout
  • epithelial surface being destroyed
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3
Q
A
  • bacterial endocarditis
  • blue smudges = inflammatory cells or bacteria
  • lighter pink = fibrin
  • darker pink = collagen
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3
Q
A
  • cytomegalovirus
  • cells become enlarged with huge intranuclear inclusions and cytoplasmic inclusions
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4
Q
A
  • acute pyelonephritis
  • collecting tubule is the long thin thing full of PMNs in the middle/right of the image
  • acute inflammatory infiltrate on right side
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5
Q
A

normal small bowel

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5
Q
A

* measles pneumonia
* interstital process
* airways don’t fill with inflammatory cells
* multinucleated giant cells scattered through the intestitum = typical marker of measles pneumonia
* most cells in the interstitium are lymphocytes, with some macrophages

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5
Q
A
  • amebic colitis in bowel
  • higher magnification of edge of ulcer
  • can see individual amebi
  • look sort of like macrophages - round cells
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6
Q
A
  • biopsy of esophageal mucosa
  • infected with CMV
    enlarged endothelial cells with prominent intranuclear inclusions
  • stained by specific antibodies for CMV
  • owl’s eye formation in center of enlarged cells
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7
Q
A
  • granuloma in lung due to TB
  • can see langerhans giant cell in center of granuloma
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8
Q
A
  • serosal inflammation (right) and mucosal ulceration (left) in appendicitis
  • superficial epithelium being sluffed off - mucosal ulceration
  • too many little blue cells in serosa - inflammatory response
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9
Q
A
  • pneumonia
  • alvolar wall thickening
  • edema/fluid in alveoli
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9
Q
A
  • parasitized RBCs in small vessels of brain
  • due to malaria
  • each little dark dot = RBC full of malaria
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10
Q
A
  • aspergilis infection in lung vessels
  • aspergilis is vasotropic, occludes and destroys walls
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11
Q
A
  • pneumonia
  • cells with irregular nuclei = PMNs (they’re in the white space in the center)
  • pink clumps (pale) = fibrin
  • dark red = congested vessels
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11
Q
A
  • pap smear of patient with herpes
  • inclusion bodies indicate herpes
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11
Q
A
  • HSV in lung or trachea
  • big red inclusions
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12
Q
A
  • bowel
  • mucosa at edge of ulcer due to amebic colitis
  • mucosa being destroyed
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12
Q
A
  • lung
  • respiratory syncytial virus
  • cuase formation of syncytia = large groups of cells merged together
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13
Q
A
  • influenza pneumonia
  • lung - large respiratory bronchial
  • lymphocytes in the bronchial submucosa
  • loss of superficial epithelium and fibrin in lumen
  • epithelium sluffing off
  • fibrin becuase there’s edema
  • fibrin adhering to the airway - not filling up the air spaces
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14
Q
A
  • lung biopsy
  • patient with mononuclear inflammation in interstitium
  • too many nuclei in walls
  • foamy material in airways = protein, pathogen, no inflammatory cells
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15
Q
A
  • liver
  • most hepatocytes appear normal, but ducts dilated and have brown material in them
  • bile has backed up into them
  • due to swelling of pancreus => common bile duct gets compressed => back up of bile
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16
Q
A
  • lung infected with pneumocystis
  • interstitial inflammation with foamy exudate in alveoli
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17
Q
A

normal skin

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17
Q
A
  • peribronchial caseation
  • caseation is on the left side - bland pink area
  • due to granulomas joining, loss of blood supply
  • later stage of continued infection of lung
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18
Q
A
  • lung with abscess/empyema
  • area of fibrin with mononuclear cells and micro-colonies
  • dark purple dots = chronic inflammatory infiltrate
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19
Q
A
  • adrenal gland disfunction due DIC
  • hemorrhagic adrenal glands
  • normal = tan yellow
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20
Q
A
  • granulation tissue
  • skin
  • wound healing
  • early stage
  • loose watery material in background (pinkish material) = ECM = fibrin, fibronectin, collagen
  • lots of inflammatory cells
  • many tiny, thin-walled blood vessels
  • big blue “angry looking” cells = highly activated fibroblasts- producing lots of ECM and laying down collagen
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21
Q
A
  • bacterial endocarditis
  • smudgy groups = bacteria (in top left corner)
  • more distinct dark purple = PMNs = below bacteria and in large clear cleft
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22
Q
A
  • caseation necrosis and fibrosis
  • can’t tell that this is lung (but was)
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25
Q
A

normal kidney

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26
Q
A
  • RBCs infected with malaria
  • ring form = condensed nuclear mass with ring of blue cytoplasm
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27
Q
A
  • resolution of pneumonia
  • restoration of archetecture by macrophage cleanup or inflammatory infiltrates
  • in middle, most of cells are macrophages
  • more or less normal archetecture of alveolar space
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28
Q
A
  • keloid, skin
  • dense collagen, lots of fibroblasts
  • huge ropey-like fibers of collagen diffusely through the tissue
  • will be a firm lesion
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30
Q
A
  • ulceration and necrosis in appendicitis
  • inflammatory infiltrate and destruction of tissue and necrosis
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31
Q
A
  • consolidated lung (white area)
  • lower lobe dense and not spongy
  • due to pneumonia
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32
Q
A
  • lung granuloma
  • due to TB
  • giant cell with multiple nuclei in center of granuloma
  • lymphocytes = dark staining cells around boarder
  • patch of epithelioid cells in bottom left of the granuloma (they’re slightly darker pink) - these just look like epithelial cells - were originally of monocyte/macrophage origin
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32
Q
A
  • zygomycosis
  • note wide angle branching
  • irregular, broad, nonseptate hyphae
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33
Q
A
  • early scar on left, late on right
  • trichrome stain - blue = fully formed collagen
  • collagen in early not fully organized yet so doesn’t stain blue
  • so granulation tissue has only a few little wisps of blue
  • also lots of dilated capiliareis in granulation tissue
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33
Q
A
  • bowel with schistosome eggs and chronic inflammation
  • villa nicely preserved
  • on right, can see white spots = eggs
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33
Q
A
  • lung with HSV infection
  • thickend alveolar walls, but alveolar spaces still open
  • lots of lymphocytes in walls - indicates that you’re probably looking at something viral rather than bacterial
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34
Q
A
  • india ink can’t get into yeast (can’t get through capsule)
  • so can use to stain for yeast - yeast will be clear/white while everything around it will stain black
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34
Q
A
  • gram stain of pseudomembrane
  • contains budding yeast and pseudohyphae
  • infected with candida albicans
  • when this is in the oropharynx = thrush
  • oval - budding yeast forms
  • tubular structures are pseudohyphae
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35
Q
A

normal myocardium

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36
Q
A
  • heart, 3-4 days after MI
  • scaring process
  • neutrophils virtually all gone
  • macrophage predominant cell type
  • some fibroblasts but “not in full swing of producing collagen yet”
  • few little capillaries form
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37
Q
A
  • * measles pneumonia
    * interstital process
    * airways don’t fill with inflammatory cells
    * multinucleated giant cells scattered through the intestitum = typical marker of measles pneumonia
    * most cells in the interstitium are lymphocytes, with some macrophages
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39
Q
A
  • early pneumonia
  • pink in alveolus = edema/serum
  • all pink fluid came from endothelial vessels - begining to pull apart
  • thin alveolar walls but thickening
40
Q
A
  • mononuclear inflammation of bowel wall due to thyphoid
  • intracellular bacteria (though can’t see them)
41
Q
A
  • kidney of patient with kidney failure due back pressure
  • back pressure causes them to atrophy
  • have chronic inflammation, fibrosis, glomeruli sclerosis
  • renal tubules dilated, full of protein
42
Q
A
  • cervix of patient with herpes
  • inclusion bodies indicate herpes - darker purple, larger spots
43
Q
A
  • interstitial pneumonia
  • way too many cells
  • many infammatory - expanding interstitium
  • interstitial inflammation - results in “fluffy” inflitrates in xray
43
Q
A
  • lung in patient with DIC and fungal infection and pneumonia
  • doesn’t look anything like lung
  • hemorrhagic necrosis = lots of cellular debris, fibrin, dead cells, branching mold
44
Q
A
  • brain with melanin stain (left) and silver impregnation techinque (right)
  • cryptococcus makes tryptophan into pigement that’s brown, very much like melanin
  • on left, can stain for melanin to detect yeast
  • can also use silver stain - silver molecules impregnate cell wall - will stain walls of any yeast
  • can also see budding - identifies these cells as yeast
46
Q
A

normal liver

47
Q
A
  • skin with purpuria
  • fibrin platelet thrombi in small vessels
48
Q
A
  • brain
  • necrosis of neurons and microgilal cells
  • toxoplasma gondii encephalitis
  • tiny dots = intracellular parasites (can’t see well at this magnification)
50
Q

what is this (connective tissue)?

A
  • collage type I
  • EM image
  • most abundant type of collagen
  • periodicity - lots of long extended cables - each cable made of three molecules wound together
51
Q
A
  • lung
  • respiratory syncytial virus
  • cuase formation of syncytia = large groups of cells merged together
52
Q
A
  • gram stain, lower respiratory sputum, pneumonia
  • see PMNs (have mulitlobed bright red nuclei - in middle of image)
  • pneumococci - little blue dots
53
Q
A
  • typhoid nodule in liver
  • normal hepatocytes on boarders
  • aggregation of mononuclear cells in center = typhoid nodule
  • no neutrophils (doens’t involved chemokines that bring in neutrophils)
54
Q
A
  • lung with HSV infection
  • thickend alveolar walls, but alveolar spaces still open
  • lots of lymphocytes in walls - indicates that you’re probably looking at something viral rather than bacterial
55
Q
A
  • base of bowel ulcer due to amebic colitis
  • high magnification so can see amebi
55
Q
A
  • brain of infant with HSV
  • hemorrhage
55
Q
A
  • skin infected with pseudomonas folliculitis
  • get lesion in hair follicle - microabscesses that consist of masses of neutrophils
57
Q
A
  • amebic colitis in bowel
  • edge of ulcer - can see normal mucosa but at base all of the mucosa is gone, tissue being destroyed under the submucosa
58
Q
A
  • heart 24 hours after MI
  • early scaring
  • necrotic myocytes
  • vast influx of neutrophils
  • neutrophils themselves breaking down and degenerating as they release proteolytic enzymes, collagenases, etc. => digestion and removal of tissue
59
Q
A
  • lung on left - normal
  • redish area = granulation tissue - used to be single layer of pleural cells
  • purple area = cavity full of lymphocytes and inflammation cells
60
Q
A
  • base of ulcer in bowel due to amebic colitis
  • mucosa and submucosa shredding
61
Q
A
  • aspergilis infection in lung vessels
  • aspergilis is vasotropic, occludes and destroys walls
62
Q
A
  • septal renal infarct
  • dark clump in center = bacteria
  • dark blue dots = inflammatory infiltrate
  • this was once an artery
  • blocked by something carrying bacteria = infected infarction
62
Q
A
  • acute inflammation in pneumonia
  • recruitment of PMNs - cells with irregular nuclei
  • some cells with a little more cytoplasm - probably macrophages
  • vessels very congested - huge numbers of RBCs in what should be very thin walls
  • granular pink stuff = serous fluid has fibrinogen - being activated by coagulation cascade and forms clumps of fibrin
62
Q
A
  • aspergillosis (fungi)
  • note 45 degree branching
  • can see septate = little walls
  • these differentiate this from zygomycosis, which won’t have visible septae
64
Q
A
  • lung abscess and empyema
  • liquefied cavity = dark purple in bottom left corner
  • right region = fibrin, bacteria, inflammatory cells
65
Q
A
  • heart, mature scar tissue after MI
  • trichrome stain
  • can see collagen between myocytes
  • after many months
66
Q
A
  • trachea with HSV infection
  • mucosal epithelium has been lost
  • cells where it has been maintained have cytopathic effect due to virus
68
Q
A
  • granulation tissue - skin
  • wound healing, early stage
69
Q
A
  • aspergilis infection in lung vessels
  • aspergilis is vasotropic, occludes and destroys walls
71
Q
A
  • dense dermal scar tissue in skin
  • late stage of scar formation
  • no inflammation
  • virtually no blood vessels
  • everything linear, nicely polymerized collagen
  • very few and quiescent fibroblasts
  • can take months to years
72
Q
A
  • small bowel of patient with typhoid
  • inflammation that goes all the way through the bowel wall
  • mononuclear inflammation within peyer’s patches
72
Q
A
  • edge of emypema with granulation tissue and inflammatory cells
  • on left, new vessels and fibrous tissue
  • on right, dense chronic inflammation - mononucelar cells, plasma cells
72
Q
A
  • was once normal liver
  • marked fribrosis surrounding schistosome granuloma
  • all the pink stuff around the outside is collagen
  • fibrosis has replaced the normal archetecture especially surrounding the veins, since that’s how the eggs came in
74
Q
A

normal lung

76
Q
A
  • pseudomembranous colitis associated with C. Diff
  • form of nectritizing inflammation
  • bowel
  • with marked inflammation
  • lesion like appearance of volcano
  • pink stuff in pseudomembrane = fibrin
  • also lots of inflammatory cells
  • also bacteria there, but they’re too small to see at this mag
77
Q
A
  • lung in patient with DIC and fungal infection and pneumonia
  • doesn’t look anything like lung
  • hemorrhagic necrosis = lots of cellular debris, fibrin, dead cells, branching mold
78
Q
A
  • lung in patient with DIC and fungal infection and pneumonia
  • doesn’t look anything like lung
  • hemorrhagic necrosis = lots of cellular debris, fibrin, dead cells, branching mold
  • can see broad fungal hyphus in middle of image (dark purple and sort of wispy)
79
Q
A
  • cytomegalovirus
  • cells become enlarged with huge intranuclear inclusions and cytoplasmic inclusions
81
Q
A
  • pseudomembrane
  • pile of cellular debris, with bacteria, dead cells, fibrin
  • due to C. diff
82
Q
A
  • granulation tissue - skin
  • wound healing - early stage
  • punch biopsy
  • pit has become filled - lots of inflammatory cells, lots of very activated fibroblasts
83
Q
A
  • schistosome egg in bowel wall
  • acute inflammation with eosinophils
84
Q
A
  • brain
  • toxoplasma gondii encephalitis
  • purple dots = intracellular parasites
85
Q
A
  • aspergilis infection in lung vessels
  • aspergilis is vasotropic, occludes and destroys walls
86
Q
A
  • skin biopsy of lesion with infection
  • only acute immune reaction because patient lacks neutrophils
  • lots of gram negative rods - can see in the middle
88
Q
A

normal heart valve

90
Q
A
  • acute inflammatory infiltrate in pneumonia
  • macrophages have kidney shaped nucleus, a little more cytoplasm
  • some RBCs, nucleus paler than the PMN nucleus
  • PMNs = cells with the really dark blue irregular nuclei
91
Q
A
  • hepatic lesion
  • granuloma and fibrosis
  • schistosomia egg in middle
  • light pink cells around it = epitheliod cells
  • resembles TB granuloma (but develops differently => has more collagen)
93
Q
A
  • hyaline = clear
  • influenza pneumonia
  • not a cellular infiltrate filling up airspaces - hyaline
  • interferes with normal oxygenation
  • can be end product of viral action and all kinds of toxic things including high levels of O2
95
Q
A
  • bowel biopsy at high power
  • CMV cells = enlarged cells with very dark staining nucli and sometimes can see nuclear inclusion = owl’s eye cells
96
Q
A
  • trachea with HSV infection
  • mucosal epithelium has been lost
  • cells where it has been maintained have cytopathic effect due to virus
  • inclusion bodies indicate herpes (look at darker spot in the middle of the white circle in the middle of the image)
97
Q
A
  • gelatinous appearance of cryptococcus in meninges in brain
  • viscous so can block CSF circulation => hydrocephalous
98
Q
A
  • pancreas in patient with pancreatitis
100
Q
A
  • kidney with CMV infection
  • owl eye cells
101
Q
A
  • cryptococcus in epidermis
  • yeast = on right, white areas with dot in middle
  • not much morphologic inflammation
102
Q
A
  • malaria in spleen (left) and liver (right)
  • brown stuff is phagocytized breakdown products of Hb = characteristic of chronic malaria
104
Q
A
  • normal appendix
  • lots of lymphocytes
105
Q
A
  • kidney infection
  • with CMV - can see dark large cells but most of kidney looks normal at this magnification
106
Q
A
  • HSV in lung or trachea
  • big red inclusions
107
Q
A
  • skin wound in the process of scar formation
  • reepitheilalized
  • will become focus of scar
  • vascularity and cellularity will decrease over time - this about 1-2 months old
108
Q
A
  • lung
  • CMV pneumonia
  • great big cells with very dark nuclear staining = CMV infected cells
  • sometimes can actually see rim of nucleus with inclusion within it
109
Q
A
  • pyelonephritis
  • lots of PMNs
  • glomerulus/structure visible
  • glomerulus not really involved
110
Q
A
  • yeast stained with mucicarmine stain - dyes capsules bright pink
  • brain
  • diagnostic characteristic of crytpococcus
111
Q
A
  • candida albicans invading epithelium
  • yeast-like oval forms, some with tubular structures
112
Q
A
  • heart 4-7 days after MI
  • early myocardial granulation tissue
  • still inflammatory cells and macrophages
  • lots more background ECM
  • fribroblasts prominent, large, active
  • lots of capillaries formed
  • stage will persist for weeks
114
Q
A
  • kidney with CMV infection
  • see cytomegalic cells in the collecting tubules (epi cells)
115
Q
A
  • skin biopsy - low power
  • of a lesion
  • purple at the top are the squamous epithelium
  • can see hair follicles and vessels
  • brown stuff is india ink (not important - just used to help the pathologists remember the orientation of the sample)
  • there’s reduced acute inflammation with bacterial pathogen in this - reduced because the patient has low neutrophil count
116
Q
A
  • phagocytized yeast in lung nuclei
  • macrophages
  • little lighter dots in cytoplasm = yeasts
  • halo around yeasts = polysaccharide capsule
117
Q
A
  • lung with HSV infection
  • thickend alveolar walls, but alveolar spaces still open
  • lots of lymphocytes in walls - indicates that you’re probably looking at something viral rather than bacterial
118
Q
A
  • heart 4-8 weeks after MI
  • maturing granulation tissue
  • inflammatory cells virutally all gone
  • ECM no longer watery, begining to organize
  • blood vessels far more defined

Path Quiz 2 (13 decks)

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