Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

RT 209 > Image Intensified Fluoroscopy > Flashcards

Image Intensified Fluoroscopy Flashcards

1
Q

To aid the radiologist dynamic studies of the human body, “real time” imaging

A

Fluoroscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

who invented the fluoroscope (calcium tungsten screen)

A

Thomas Edison

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When did Thomas Edison invent the fluoroscope

A

1896

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

studied on poor illumination from fluoroscopic screen

A

William Chamberlain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When did William Chamberlain studied on the poor illumination from fluoroscopic screen

A

1941

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

development of image intensifier tube

A

1950s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

measured in units of Lamberts (L) and millilamberts (mL)

A

Illumination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Radiographs are viewed under illumination level to?

A

10 to 1000 mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Human Vision

A
  • Rods and cones
  • Photopic and scotopic vision
  • Visual acuity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When light appears, the Iris?

A

The iris contracts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When dark, the iris?

A

dilates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

primarily used in daylight vision

A

Cones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

otherwise called as daylight vision

A

photopic vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cones can perceive?

A

color

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

while cones can perceive color, rods are?

A

color blind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

are for night vision

A

Rods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

otherwise called as night vision

A

scotopic vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

the ability to perceive fine details

A

Visual acquity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Components of the Fluoroscopic Chain

A
  • Image Intensifier
  • Recording System
  • Viewing System
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Electronic vacuum tube that converts the remnant beam to light then to electrons, then back to light, increasing thhe light intensity in the process

A

Image Intensifier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The Image intensifier converts the remnant beam to?

A

light then back to electrons, the back to light, increasing the light intensity in the process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

It is a complex electronic device that receives the remnant x-ray beam, converts it into light and increases the light intensity

A

Image Intensifier

23
Q

The Image Intensifier allows a means to indirectly view the?

A

Fluoroscopic Image

24
Q

The image intensifier tube is approximately ?

A

50 cm long

25
Q

A potential difference of about ________ is maitained across the tube between photocathode and the anode so that electrons will be accelerated to the anode

A

25,000 volts

26
Q

Basic Parts of an Image Intensifier

A
  • Input Phosphor
  • Photocathode
  • Accelerating Anode
  • Output Phosphor
  • Electrostatic Focusing lenses
27
Q

Converts energy to visible light

A

Input Phosphor

28
Q

Material used in Input Phosphor

A

Cesium Iodide (CsI)

29
Q

CsI crystals are tightly packed as

A

100 to 200 micrometer layer

30
Q

Composed of Cesium and antimony compounds

A

Photocathode

31
Q

Emission of electrons when stimulated by light from the Photocathode

A

Photoemission

32
Q

Maintains constant potential of approximately 25 kV

A

Accelerating Anode

33
Q

Electrons interact to produce light

A

Output Phosphor

34
Q

Output Phosphor is usually made of?

A

silver-activated zinc-cadmium sulfide

35
Q

Engineering aspects of maintaining proper electron travel.

A

Electron Optics

36
Q

Not really lenses, but are negatively charged plates along the length of the II tube.

A

Electrostatic Focusing Lens

37
Q

The Electrostatic Focusing Lens are located along the?

A

length of image intensifier tube

38
Q

High energy electrons that interact with the output phosphor each result in substantially more light photon than was necessary to cause their release at the photocathode.

A

Image Intensifier Tube

39
Q

The length of the Image Intensifier Tube is?

A

50 cm in length

40
Q

The diameter of the Image Intensifier Tube is approximately ?

A

15 to 56 cm

41
Q

represents the tube’s conversion efficiency

A

Flux Gain

42
Q

Flux gain is the ratio of?

A

number of light photons at the output phosphor to the number of x-rays at the input phosphor

number of output light photons
——————————————-
number of input x-ray photons

43
Q

is due to the multiplication of the light photons at the output phosphor compared with the x-rays at the input phosphor and the minification from the input phosphor to output phosphor

A

increased illumination of the image

44
Q

The ratio of Minification Gain is the

A

the square of the diameter of the input phosphor to the square of the diameter of the output phosphor.

input phosphor diameter^2
—————————————
output phosphor diameter^2

45
Q

Minification Gain as a characteristic makes the image brigher because the same number of electrons is being?

A

concetrated on a smaller surface area

46
Q

In Minification Gain, the output phosphor size is fairly standard at

A

2.5 or 5 cm

47
Q

In Minification Gain, the Input phosphor size varies from?

A

10 to 35 cm

48
Q

Brightness gain of most image intensifiers is

A

5000 to 20,000

49
Q

Is an expression of the ability of an image intensifier tube to convert x-ray energy into light energy and increase the brightness of the image in the process

A

Brightness Gain

50
Q

Formula of Brightness gain

A

Brightness Gain = minification gain x flux gain

51
Q

is an expression of the luminance at the output phosphor divided by the input exposure rate

A

Conversion Factor

52
Q

Recommended by the ICRU to quantify the increase in brightness created by II.

A

Conversion Factor

53
Q

Exposure Rate and Age of the II

A

an image intensifier ages, the exposure rate to the patient increases to maintain brightness.

RT 209 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions