- reduce number of controllers - reduce obscolencence costs via OS - standard API for all software - standard hardware platform. (reduce maintenance costs. )

- CPIOMS communicate via AFDX network - board communicate via USB (airbus EYY) or PCI (thales deihl)

- if board breakes, entire LRU needs to be replaced. - moderatey scalable - 3rd party I?O requires qualification of entire CPIOM - high deegree of CPU/ I?O integration effort

IMA Flashcards by Elise Dirkse

problems with cassical / federated avionics

crosslinking to add new system
supplier making hardware and software (not specialist in both)
a lot of diff hardware and software on aircraft that is proprietary. -> high mantenence effort.
cross-computer links and proprietary -> diff for maintenence
hardware and software no abstractino -> more expensive with obsolescnce (can have to requalify system)
supplier insentive to ned to do maintenence

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goals of IMA

reduce number of controllers
reduce obscolencence costs via OS
standard API for all software
standard hardware platform. (reduce maintenance costs. )

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what is IMA?

integration of software onto shared hardware

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describe the IMA cabinet concept? (beoing)

common computing resource is cabinet

chassis with backplane data bus and
CPM (computer processing unit with Ram, CPU, application software)
power
IOM (input output modules)

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IMA cabinet concept advantages

strictly modular and scalable (maximum modularity and scalability)
easy to replace module (each hardware is LRU - line replacable unit) to it is heavier
can have third party IOM
reduce CPU needs to do redundant signal procesing

(addidional delay on backplane bus)

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what does a B-777 IMA cabinet (CCR -common computing resource) contain

2 x cabinet switch
8 x general processing module
2 x graphics generator
2 x power conditioning unit

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what does the AFDX topology contain for the IMA cabinet concepts

2 x CCR common computing resource
6 x remote switches
21 x remote data concentrators

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what are the components of the Integrated LRU IMA Platform

CPU board (CPU and RAM including software applications)
power board
I/O board (signal processing -data busses, analog, discrete)

all in a metal housing

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CPOIM communication

CPIOMS communicate via AFDX network

- board communicate via USB (airbus EYY) or PCI (thales deihl)

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CPIOM advantages

powerful CPU-> up to 23 apps
compact and lightweight
can build various kinds of CPIOMS

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CPIOM disadvantages

if board breakes, entire LRU needs to be replaced.
moderatey scalable
3rd party I?O requires qualification of entire CPIOM
high deegree of CPU/ I?O integration effort

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what are the seven CPIOMs and what do they do?

what else links to ADCN

CPIOM A - pneumatic
B - Aircon
C - cockpit and flight controls
D - air ground data link
E  - electrical 
F - fuel
G - landing gear

IOM -for IO without AFDX connection

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who builds each CPIOM

airbus EYY -> C, D,
Thales Deihl -> A, B, E, F, G

THales Deihl supplies OS for alles

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what does a CPIOM contain?

firmware
OS
config tables
system applications
ATAxx applicatinos

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what does firmware do?

makes CPIOM operable

to load OS
basic data loading

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what is OS job

separate hardware + software (abstraction -> good for obsolescence)
partitioning (OS has DAL of highest user -> separates user time so they can each have lower DAL runnning on same OS)
ensure segregation of OS from applications (scheduling, mom managemnet, IO handling)

how is memory organized

-each app has its own memory and own independent access to it

module area
partition area
supervised are
user area

what is NVM and how is it organized

non-volatile memory (won’t erase in no power mode)

each applicatino has some

how is I/O handled?

The OS stores io data in driver lanes

samples are updated either via sampling (continuous replacement) or queuing (sequential transition)

job of API

makes requests from application to OS resources

describe the OS configuration

what is usage domain

static, determined at time of compile/design (based on many rules)
-verifyed by DO 178 to DAL A (global and local)

usage domain is set of possible configurations

what measures can be taken if bite detects an error?

error stored in NVM
software restart
hardware restart
LRU shut down and redundant system takes over.

what is additional job of R-BITE

confirm and correlate errors reported by system BITES of IMA resources. Reports to CMS

can get no fault found errors

what are the levels of BITE in IMA

application BITE : software reports to system BITE

System BITE: reports to CMS and RBITE

RBITE: correlates error. Reports to CMS

what is purpose of ISDL and limitations?

IS: monitor resources from outside computer DL: load software onto coputers -> slow (must be doen in 15 min bc it is done through OMT which is avionics domain to avionc network (ADCN) and must go through SCI which checks packet wise

what is SNMP and MIB

the checking of errors in translation through AFDX network are stored in MIB (management information base). Small Network Management PRotocol is used to quired results. This is a task of the AFDX Central Network BITE

What is the job of monitoring?

continuously monitors CPIOM functions (memory segregation, watchdog timer, I/O communication hardware errrors.) reports to BITE. (does actual checking of functions. BITE reports to CMS and doing of appropriate actions)

what does system supplier normally issue along with system for qualification

Declaration of design and performance. (fully certified system complying with all DO 178

new qualification relationships

see pic

what are the goals for software qualification

- dont have to qualify entire unit - change of software should not require change of any other software qualification - independent dqualification

what are prerequisites for goals of software qualification to be achieved

1) segregation of all software even in cases of shared resources 2) even for arbitrary configuration

what is incremental qualification

certify parts of IMA, not whole

what is "usage domain"

set of valid configurations rules of dependencies of commonly used resources defines max and min values, dependencies, compiler settinds.. by IMA moule suplier necessary so others can maek independent software

which document outlines IMA qualification process?

DO 297 -> references DO 178 and DO 254